UNL Ontology

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The '''UNL Ontology''', also known as the UW System, is a tree-like structure where UWs are interconnected through ontological relations: [[icl]] (is-a-kind-of), [[iof]] (is-an-instance-of), [[equ]] (is-equivalent-to) and [[pof]] (is-a-part-of). The UNL Ontology is claimed to improve the results of the [[enconversion]] process, as it can be used as a word sense disambiguation strategy; and the [[deconversion]] results, as it would compensate dictionary limitations.
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The '''UNL Ontology''', formerly known as the UW System, is a tree-like structure where UWs are interconnected through hierarchical relations: icl (is-a-kind-of) and iof (is-an-instance-of). Differently from the [[UNL Knowledge Base]], which comprises any relation necessary to define a given UW, the UNL Ontology contains only '''monotonic''' relations, i.e., relations that preserve the features of their arguments, and that may be used for inheritance.<br /><br />
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The UNL Ontology may be provided in two different formats:
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*Extended, in XML; or
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*Simplified, as a set of [[Grammar_Specs#Disambiguation_Rules|network disambiguation rules]]
  
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== Syntax ==
 
  
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The UNL Ontology is a plain text file with a single entry per line. There are two possible representations for UNL Ontology entries: they can be either represented as [[Master Definition|Master Definitions]] or as [[UNLKB|UNL Knowledge Base]] (UNLKB) entries.
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== Extended format ==
  
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When represented as UNLKB entries, the UNL Ontology entries have the following format:
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UNL Ontology entries in extended format must have the following structure:
  
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{|
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<relation name="RNAME" type="RTYPE" frequency="RFREQ">
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|<UNL Ontology entry>
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  <source id="SID" attribute="ATT" lang="UNL" frequency="SFREQ" class="SCLASS">SOURCE</source>
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|::=
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  <target id="TID" attribute="ATT" lang="UNL" frequency="TFREQ" class="TCLASS">TARGET</target>
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|<binary relation>"="<degree of certainty>
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</relation>
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|-
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|<binary relation>
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|::=
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|{icl, iof, equ, pof} "(" <source node> "," <target node> ")"
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|-
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|<source node>
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|::=
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|any existing UW
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|-
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|<target node>
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|::=
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|any existing UW
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|-
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|<degree of certainty>
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|::=
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|{0,1}
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|}
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Where:<br >
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Where:<br />
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0 = false <br >
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RNAME is either "icl" (is-a-kind-of) or "iof" (is-an-instance-of);<br />
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1 = true <br >
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RTYPE is the type of the existing relation<br />
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RFREQ is either 0 (false) or 1 (true);<br />
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SFREQ is the frequency of the SOURCE in the corpus;<br />
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TFREQ is the frequency of the TARGET in the corpus;<br />
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SID is a number used to identify the SOURCE;<br />
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TID is a number used to identify the TARGET;<br />
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ATT is one of the existing UNL attributes ("entry", "past", etc);<br />
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SCLASS is the general class of the SOURCE;<br />
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TCLASS is the general class of the TARGET;<br />
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SOURCE is the source node of the UNL relation; <br />
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TARGET is the target node of the UNL relation; <br />
  
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[[Master Definitions]], or simply MD, is an abbreviated form for representing the UNL Ontology entries, but they can be used only with "[[icl]]" relations. This is the technique used by the UNL Centre to represent the UW System.
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=== XML Schema ===
  
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== Examples ==
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<pre>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
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<xsd:schema attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" version="1.0" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
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<xsd:element name="ontology">
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  <xsd:complexType>
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    <xsd:sequence>
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      <xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="relation">
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        <xsd:complexType>
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          <xsd:sequence>
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            <xsd:element name="source">
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              <xsd:complexType>
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                <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:unsignedLong" use="required" />
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                <xsd:attribute name="attribute" type="xsd:string" use="optional" />
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                <xsd:attribute name="lang" type="xsd:string" use="optional" />
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                <xsd:attribute name="frequency" type="xsd:int" use="optional"/>
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                <xsd:attribute name="class" type="xsd:string" use="optional"/>
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              </xsd:complexType>
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            </xsd:element>
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            <xsd:element name="target">
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              <xsd:complexType>
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                <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:unsignedLong" use="required"/>
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                <xsd:attribute name="attribute" type="xsd:string" use="optional" />
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                <xsd:attribute name="lang" type="xsd:string" use="optional"/>
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                <xsd:attribute name="frequency" type="xsd:int" use="optional"/>
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                <xsd:attribute name="class" type="xsd:string" use="optional"/>
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              </xsd:complexType>
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            </xsd:element>
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          </xsd:sequence>
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          <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required"/>
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          <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" use="optional"/>
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          <xsd:attribute name="frequency" type="xsd:int" use="optional"/>
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        </xsd:complexType>
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      </xsd:element>
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    </xsd:sequence>
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  </xsd:complexType>
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</xsd:element>
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</xsd:schema>
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</pre>
  
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For the time being, there are two different UNL ontologies:
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=== Example ===
  
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* [http://www.undl.org/unlsys/uw/UNLKB.htm The UW System]
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
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:A list of UWs provided by the UNL Centre (here presented as a part of the UNL Knowledge Base)
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<ontology>
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* [http://www.ronaldomartins.pro.br/unlwordnet/ The UNL WordNet 2.1]
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  <relation name="icl" frequency="1">
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:A list of UWs extracted out of the English WordNet2.1
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  <source id="410" attribute="entry" lang="UNL" frequency="20" class="nou">100001930</source>
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  <target id="2243" lang="UNL" frequency="2" class="nou">100001740</target>
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  </relation>
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</ontology>
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== Simplified format ==
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UNL Ontology entries in simplified format must have the structure of [[Grammar_Specs#Disambiguation_Rules|network disambiguation rules]], as follows:
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RELATION(SOURCE;TARGET)=DC;
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Where:<br />
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RELATION is either "icl" or "iof";<br />
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SOURCE is the source UW of the UNL relation;<br />
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TARGET is the target UW of the UNL relation; <br />
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DC is either 0 (false) or 1 (true)<br />
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=== Examples ===
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<nowiki>icl(<[[100001930]];[[100001740]])=1; (= a physical entity is a kind of entity)</nowiki><br />

Latest revision as of 17:20, 9 September 2012

The UNL Ontology, formerly known as the UW System, is a tree-like structure where UWs are interconnected through hierarchical relations: icl (is-a-kind-of) and iof (is-an-instance-of). Differently from the UNL Knowledge Base, which comprises any relation necessary to define a given UW, the UNL Ontology contains only monotonic relations, i.e., relations that preserve the features of their arguments, and that may be used for inheritance.

The UNL Ontology may be provided in two different formats:


Contents

Extended format

UNL Ontology entries in extended format must have the following structure: 

<relation name="RNAME" type="RTYPE" frequency="RFREQ">
  <source id="SID" attribute="ATT" lang="UNL" frequency="SFREQ" class="SCLASS">SOURCE</source>
  <target id="TID" attribute="ATT" lang="UNL" frequency="TFREQ" class="TCLASS">TARGET</target>
</relation>

Where:
RNAME is either "icl" (is-a-kind-of) or "iof" (is-an-instance-of);
RTYPE is the type of the existing relation
RFREQ is either 0 (false) or 1 (true);
SFREQ is the frequency of the SOURCE in the corpus;
TFREQ is the frequency of the TARGET in the corpus;
SID is a number used to identify the SOURCE;
TID is a number used to identify the TARGET;
ATT is one of the existing UNL attributes ("entry", "past", etc);
SCLASS is the general class of the SOURCE;
TCLASS is the general class of the TARGET;
SOURCE is the source node of the UNL relation;
TARGET is the target node of the UNL relation;

XML Schema 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<xsd:schema attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" version="1.0" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
 <xsd:element name="ontology">
   <xsd:complexType>
     <xsd:sequence>
       <xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="relation">
         <xsd:complexType>
           <xsd:sequence>
             <xsd:element name="source">
               <xsd:complexType>
                 <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:unsignedLong" use="required" />
                 <xsd:attribute name="attribute" type="xsd:string" use="optional" />
                 <xsd:attribute name="lang" type="xsd:string" use="optional" />
                 <xsd:attribute name="frequency" type="xsd:int" use="optional"/>
                 <xsd:attribute name="class" type="xsd:string" use="optional"/>
               </xsd:complexType>
             </xsd:element>
             <xsd:element name="target">
               <xsd:complexType>
                 <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:unsignedLong" use="required"/>
                 <xsd:attribute name="attribute" type="xsd:string" use="optional" />
                 <xsd:attribute name="lang" type="xsd:string" use="optional"/>
                 <xsd:attribute name="frequency" type="xsd:int" use="optional"/>
                 <xsd:attribute name="class" type="xsd:string" use="optional"/>
               </xsd:complexType>
             </xsd:element>
           </xsd:sequence>
           <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required"/>
           <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" use="optional"/>
           <xsd:attribute name="frequency" type="xsd:int" use="optional"/>
         </xsd:complexType>
       </xsd:element>
     </xsd:sequence>
   </xsd:complexType>
 </xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>

Example 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<ontology>
 <relation name="icl" frequency="1">
  <source id="410" attribute="entry" lang="UNL" frequency="20" class="nou">100001930</source>
  <target id="2243" lang="UNL" frequency="2" class="nou">100001740</target>
 </relation>
</ontology>

Simplified format

UNL Ontology entries in simplified format must have the structure of network disambiguation rules, as follows: 

RELATION(SOURCE;TARGET)=DC;

Where:
RELATION is either "icl" or "iof";
SOURCE is the source UW of the UNL relation;
TARGET is the target UW of the UNL relation;
DC is either 0 (false) or 1 (true)

Examples

icl(<[[100001930]];[[100001740]])=1; (= a physical entity is a kind of entity)

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