Tense
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(New page: To be represented as attributes. == French tenses == *Indicatif **Présent = @present (Je vais = aller.@present) **Passé simple = @past (J'allai = aller.@past) **Passé composé = @past...) |
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| − | + | '''Tense''' is a category used in the grammatical description of verbs (along with [[aspect]] and [[mood]]), referring primarily to the way the grammar marks the time at which the action denoted by the verb took place. It can be broadly classified as: | |
| + | *'''absolute tense''': indicates time in relationship to the time of the utterance (i.e. "now"). | ||
| + | *'''relative tense''': in relationship to some other time, other than the time of utterance. | ||
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| − | + | == Natural language == | |
| − | + | In the UNLarium framework, the attribute tense is represented by the following hierarchy, where lower levels subsume upper levels: | |
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| − | * | + | {{#tree:id=nl_tense|openlevels=0|root=Tense (TNS)| |
| − | ** | + | *absolute tense |
| − | ** | + | **present (PRS): in the present |
| − | ** | + | **past (PAS): in the past |
| − | ** | + | ***hesternal past tense (HEP): before yesterday |
| − | + | ***prehesternal past tense (PEP): before hesternal tense | |
| − | * | + | ***hodiernal past tense (HOP): before today |
| − | ** | + | ***prehodiernal past tense (POP): before hodiernal tense |
| − | ** | + | ***immediate past tense (IPT): very recent past |
| − | ** | + | ***nonrecent past tense (NRCP): before recent past |
| − | + | ***recent past tense (RCP): recent past | |
| − | * | + | ***nonremote past tense (NRMP): after remote past |
| − | ** | + | ***remote past tense (RMP): remote past |
| − | ** | + | **future (FUT): in the future |
| − | + | ***near future (FUN): in the near future | |
| − | * | + | ***remote future (FUR): not in the near future |
| − | ** | + | **nonpast (NPAS): not in the past |
| − | ** | + | **nonfuture (NFUT): not in the future |
| + | **still (STL): immediately before the utterance | ||
| + | **not-yet (NYET): expected to occur in the future | ||
| + | *relative tense | ||
| + | **relative past (RPT): before an absolute tense | ||
| + | **relative nonpast (NRPT): not before an absolute tense | ||
| + | **relative present (RPS): at the absolute tense | ||
| + | **relative future (RFT): after an absolute tense | ||
| + | **relative nonfuture (NRFT): not after an absolute tense | ||
| + | }} | ||
| − | + | ;General tenses | |
| − | + | :General tenses, such as simple past or simple future in English, are indicated by the uppermost level of the corresponding branch. | |
| − | + | ::English | |
| + | :::simple past = PAS | ||
| + | :::simple future = FUT | ||
| + | ;Relative and absolute-relative tenses are indicated by combining absolute and relative tags through "&": | ||
| + | :English: | ||
| + | ::past perfect (= past of the past): PAS&RPT | ||
| + | ::future perfect (= past of the future): FUT&RPT | ||
| + | :French: | ||
| + | ::passé antérieur (= past of the past): PAS&RPT | ||
| + | ::future antérieur (= past of the future): FUT&RPT | ||
| + | ;Tense, mood and aspect | ||
| + | :Tense, mood and aspect can be conjoined with "&": | ||
| + | ::aorist: PAS&PFV | ||
| + | ::imperfect (past imperfect): PAS&NPFV | ||
| + | ::present perfect: PRS&PFC | ||
| + | ;Simple and compound tenses | ||
| + | :The difference between simple and compound forms must be informed only if they represent different alternatives for the same tense. Compounds are indicated through the attribute "CPW": | ||
| + | ::French | ||
| + | :::passé simple: PAS | ||
| + | :::passé composé: PAS&CPW | ||
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| + | == UNL == | ||
| + | In UNL, tense is to be represented by [[time|time attributes]]. | ||
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| + | == Examples == | ||
| + | List of grammatical tenses: | ||
| + | *[[English grammar#Verb forms|English tenses]] | ||
| + | *[[French grammar#Verb forms|French tenses]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:34, 23 June 2010
Tense is a category used in the grammatical description of verbs (along with aspect and mood), referring primarily to the way the grammar marks the time at which the action denoted by the verb took place. It can be broadly classified as:
- absolute tense: indicates time in relationship to the time of the utterance (i.e. "now").
- relative tense: in relationship to some other time, other than the time of utterance.
Natural language
In the UNLarium framework, the attribute tense is represented by the following hierarchy, where lower levels subsume upper levels:
- General tenses
- General tenses, such as simple past or simple future in English, are indicated by the uppermost level of the corresponding branch.
- English
- simple past = PAS
- simple future = FUT
- English
- Relative and absolute-relative tenses are indicated by combining absolute and relative tags through "&"
- English:
- past perfect (= past of the past): PAS&RPT
- future perfect (= past of the future): FUT&RPT
- French:
- passé antérieur (= past of the past): PAS&RPT
- future antérieur (= past of the future): FUT&RPT
- Tense, mood and aspect
- Tense, mood and aspect can be conjoined with "&":
- aorist: PAS&PFV
- imperfect (past imperfect): PAS&NPFV
- present perfect: PRS&PFC
- Simple and compound tenses
- The difference between simple and compound forms must be informed only if they represent different alternatives for the same tense. Compounds are indicated through the attribute "CPW":
- French
- passé simple: PAS
- passé composé: PAS&CPW
- French
UNL
In UNL, tense is to be represented by time attributes.
Examples
List of grammatical tenses:
