Tagset
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*****Precative mood is a directive mood that signals that the utterance is a request. | *****Precative mood is a directive mood that signals that the utterance is a request. | ||
****prohibitive mood (PHB) | ****prohibitive mood (PHB) | ||
| − | *****Prohibitive mood is a directive mood that signals a prohibition. It is distinguished by the use of a negated imperative sentence that employs a negative marker distinct from that used in declarative sentences, or | + | *****Prohibitive mood is a directive mood that signals a prohibition. It is distinguished by the use of a negated imperative sentence that employs a negative marker distinct from that used in declarative sentences, or a verb form different from that of the imperative. |
| − | a verb form different from that of the imperative. | + | |
****deliberative mood (DLB) | ****deliberative mood (DLB) | ||
*****Deliberative mood is a directive mood which signals the speaker's request for instruction from the addressee as to whether to do the proposition expressed in the utterance. | *****Deliberative mood is a directive mood which signals the speaker's request for instruction from the addressee as to whether to do the proposition expressed in the utterance. | ||
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****Evidentiality is an epistemic modality that connotes the speaker's assessment of the evidence for his or her statement. An evidential is a form, such as a verbal affix, that is a grammatical expression of evidentiality. | ****Evidentiality is an epistemic modality that connotes the speaker's assessment of the evidence for his or her statement. An evidential is a form, such as a verbal affix, that is a grammatical expression of evidentiality. | ||
**necessity (NEC) | **necessity (NEC) | ||
| − | ***Degree of contingency in modality that in alethic modality connotes logical requirement | + | ***Degree of contingency in modality that in alethic modality connotes logical requirement; in deontic modality connotes obligation, and in epistemic modality connotes certainty. |
| − | deontic modality connotes obligation, and epistemic modality connotes certainty. | + | |
**possibility (PSB) | **possibility (PSB) | ||
| − | ***Degree of contingency in modality that in alethic modality connotes logical possibility | + | ***Degree of contingency in modality that in alethic modality connotes logical possibility; in deontic modality connotes permission, and in epistemic modality connotes uncertainty or speculation. |
| − | deontic modality connotes permission, and epistemic modality connotes uncertainty or speculation. | + | |
**realis (REA) | **realis (REA) | ||
***Modality that connotes the factuality of a proposition. | ***Modality that connotes the factuality of a proposition. | ||
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***Modality that connotes that the proposition with which it is associated is nonactual or nonfactual. | ***Modality that connotes that the proposition with which it is associated is nonactual or nonfactual. | ||
***subjunctive mood (SUB) | ***subjunctive mood (SUB) | ||
| − | ****Subjunctive mood is a mood that typically signals irrealis meanings, such as potentiality | + | ****Subjunctive mood is a mood that typically signals irrealis meanings, such as potentiality uncertainty, prediction, obligation, and desire. It most typically occurs in a subordinate clause, but may occur outside of one. |
| − | uncertainty, prediction, obligation, and desire. It most typically occurs in a subordinate clause, but may occur outside of one. | + | |
*number (NUM) | *number (NUM) | ||
**A grammatical category of nouns, pronouns, and adjective and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions. | **A grammatical category of nouns, pronouns, and adjective and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions. | ||
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****Noun that is the name of a specific individual, place, or object. | ****Noun that is the name of a specific individual, place, or object. | ||
**numeral (NMR) | **numeral (NMR) | ||
| − | ***A word, functioning most typically as an adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number or | + | ***A word, functioning most typically as an adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number or relation to the number. |
| − | relation to the number. | + | |
***cardinal numeral (CDN) | ***cardinal numeral (CDN) | ||
****A numeral of the class whose members are considered basic in form, are used in counting, and in expressing how many objects are referred to. | ****A numeral of the class whose members are considered basic in form, are used in counting, and in expressing how many objects are referred to. | ||
Revision as of 14:33, 17 November 2009
The set of features in a UNL-driven dictionary depends on the structure of the natural language and may vary a lot. However, in order to better standardize lexical resources inside the UNL framework, the UNDL Foundation recommends the adoption of the following tags for some specific and pervasive grammatical phenomena. Several of those linguistic constants have been already proposed to the Data Category Registry (ISO 12620), and represent widely accepted linguistic concepts. Our main intention here is just to provide a harmonized system to be shared by the UNL community so as to make dictionaries as easily understandable and exchangeable as possible.
General Guidelines
In order to define the tags to be used in the UNL Tagset, the following premises were adopted:
- Tags should be as few as possible
- Tags should be as short as possible
- Tags should be as mnemonic as possible
These assumptions led us to the following general guidelines:
- Tags should be made of a three-character upper-case string
- Tags should be labelled out of English words
- Tags should be provided in a attribute-value structure, along with definitions and examples.
The resulting set of tags, which is still subject to additions and revisions, is presented below. For the time being, the definitions and examples have been extracted out of the Glossary of Linguistic Terms (Loos et alii), available at SIL International. The tags are expected to migrate to an on-line environment, still under construction, where accredited linguists will have the opportunity to improve this repertoire.
