Tagset

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== List of tags (in alphabetical order of tags)==
 
== List of tags (in alphabetical order of tags)==
  
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{{#tree:
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{{#tree:id=tagset|openlevels=1|root=Attributes|
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*Root1
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*ASPECT (ASP)
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**Sub-item
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**Continuative (CTN)
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**Another sub-item
+
**Habitual (HAB)
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*Root2
+
**Imperfective (NPFC)
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**Sub-item
+
**Inceptive (ICP)
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**Another sub-item
+
**Iterative (ITE)
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}}
+
**Perfective (PFC)
 +
**Progressive (PGS)
 +
**Prospective (PPT)
 +
**Terminative (TER)
 +
*CASE (CAS)
 +
**Abessive (ABE)
 +
**Ablative (ABL)
 +
**Absolutive (ASL)
 +
**Accusative (ACC)
 +
**Allative (ALL)
 +
**Benefactive (BEN)
 +
**Causative (CAU)
 +
**Comitative (CMT)
 +
**Dative case (DAT)
 +
**Delative (DEL)
 +
**Elative (ELA)
 +
**Equative (EQU)
 +
**Ergative (ERG)
 +
**Essive (ESS)
 +
**Genitive (GNT)
 +
**Illative (ILL)
 +
**Inessive (INE)
 +
**Instrumental (INS)
 +
**Lative (LAT)
 +
**Locative (LOC)
 +
**Nominative (NOM)
 +
**Partitive (PTT)
 +
**Prepositional (PPL)
 +
**Prolative (PLT)
 +
**Superessive (SPE)
 +
**Translative (TLT)
 +
**Vocative (VOC)
 +
*DEGREE (DEG)
 +
**Comparative (CMP)
 +
**Positive (PST)
 +
**Superlative (SUP)
 +
*EVENT TENSE (EVT)
 +
**Future (ET2)
 +
**Past (ET*)
 +
**Present (ET**)
 +
*GENDER (GEN)
 +
**Feminine (FEM)
 +
**Masculine (MCL)
 +
**Masculine and feminine (MAF)
 +
**Masculine or feminine (MOF)
 +
**Neuter (NEU)
 +
*LEXICAL STATUS (LEX)
 +
**Multiword expression (MTW)
 +
**Regular word (WRD)
 +
**Subword (SBW)
 +
*MOOD (MOO)
 +
**Conditional mood (CON)
 +
**Imperative (IMP)
 +
**Indicative (IND)
 +
**Injunctive (INJ)
 +
**Optative (OPT)
 +
**Subjunctive (SUB)
 +
*NUMBER (NUM)
 +
**Dual (DUA)
 +
**Paucal (PAU)
 +
**Plural (PLR)
 +
**Quadrual (QDR)
 +
**Singular (SNG)
 +
**Trial (TRI)
 +
*PERSON (PER)
 +
**First person plural (**PP)
 +
**First person singular (**PS)
 +
**Second person plural (2PP)
 +
**Second person singular (2PS)
 +
**Third person plural (3PP)
 +
**Third person singular (3PS)
 +
*PART OF SPEECH (POS)
 +
**Abbreviation (ABB)
 +
**Acronym (ACR)
 +
**Adjective (ADJ)
 +
**Adverb (ADV)
 +
**Article (ART)
 +
**Auxiliary verb (AUX)
 +
**Cardinal numeral (CDN)
 +
**Circumposition (CIR)
 +
**Contraction (CTT)
 +
**Coordinating conjunction (COO)
 +
**Copula (COP)
 +
**Demonstrative (DEM)
 +
**Emphatic pronoun (EPR)
 +
**Fraction numeral (FRA)
 +
**Gerund (GER)
 +
**Indefinite pronoun (NPR)
 +
**Infinitive (INF)
 +
**Infix (IFX)
 +
**Interjection (ITJ)
 +
**Interrogative pronoun (IPR)
 +
**Modal verb (MOV)
 +
**Multiplicative numeral (MUL)
 +
**Noun (NOU)
 +
**Ordinal numeral (ORD)
 +
**Participle (PTP)
 +
**Particle (PTC)
 +
**Personal pronoun (PPR)
 +
**Posessive pronoun (SPR)
 +
**Postposition (PPS)
 +
**Prefix (PFX)
 +
**Preposition (PRE)
 +
**Proper noun (PPN)
 +
**Quantifier (QUA)
 +
**Reciprocal pronoun (CPR)
 +
**Reflexive pronoun (FPR)
 +
**Relative pronoun (RPR)
 +
**Subordinanting conjunction (SCJ)
 +
**Suffix (SFX)
 +
**Verb (VER)
 +
*REFERENCE TENSE (RTE)
 +
**Future (RT2)
 +
**Past (RT*)
 +
**Present (RT**)
 +
(Generic (GNR)
 +
(Indefinite (NDEF)
 +
*SEMANTIC FEATURES (SEM)
 +
**Abstract (ABS)
 +
**Acts or actions (ACT)
 +
**Animal (ANL)
 +
**Animate (ANM)
 +
**Artifact (ARF)
 +
**Attribute (ATT)
 +
**Body actions (BOV)
 +
**Body parts (BON)
 +
**Change (CHA)
 +
**Cognition nouns (CGN)
 +
**Cognition verbs (CGV)
 +
**Communication nouns (CMN)
 +
**Communication verbs (CMV)
 +
**Competition (CPT)
 +
**Consumption (CSM)
 +
**Contact (CTC)
 +
**Creation (CRE)
 +
**Definite (DEF)
 +
**Emotion (EMO)
 +
**Feeling (FEE)
 +
**Food (FOO)
 +
**Group (GRO)
 +
**Inanimate (NANM)
 +
**Location (LCT)
 +
**Motion (MOT)
 +
**Motive (MTV)
 +
**Natural events (NEV)
 +
**Natural objects (NOB)
 +
**Natural phenomena (PHE )
 +
**Natural process (PRO)
 +
**Non-abstract (NABS)
 +
**Perception (PCP)
 +
**Person (PRS)
 +
**Plant (PLA)
 +
**Possession noun (PON)
 +
**Possession verb (POV)
 +
**Quantity (QTT)
 +
**Relation (REL)
 +
**Shape (SHA)
 +
**Social (SOC)
 +
**State (STA)
 +
**Stative (STT)
 +
**Substance (SBS)
 +
**Time (TIM)
 +
**Weather (WEA)
 +
*SYNTACTIC ROLES (SYN)
 +
**Adjective Phrase (JB)
 +
**Adjective Phrase (JP)
 +
**Adjunct of a determiner (DA)
 +
**Adjunct of a noun (NA)
 +
**Adjunct of a preposition (PA)
 +
**Adjunct of a verb (VA)
 +
**Adjunct of an adjective (JA)
 +
**Adjunct of an inflection (IA)
 +
**Adjunct to a conjunction (CA)
 +
**Adjunct to an adverb (AA)
 +
**Adverbial Phrase (AB)
 +
**Adverbial Phrase (AP)
 +
**Assigns Case (ACAS)
 +
**Assigns Gender (AGEN)
 +
**Assigns Number (ANUM)
 +
**Assigns Person (APER)
 +
**Complement of a conjunction (CC)
 +
**Complement of a determiner (DC)
 +
**Complement of a noun (NC)
 +
**Complement of a preposition (PC)
 +
**Complement of a verb (VC)
 +
**Complement of an adjective (JC)
 +
**Complement of an adverb (AC)
 +
**Complement of an inflection (IC)
 +
**Conjunctional Phrase (CB)
 +
**Conjunctional Phrase (CP)
 +
**Determiner Phrase (DB)
 +
**Determiner Phrase (DP)
 +
**Inflectional Phrase (IB)
 +
**Inflectional Phrase (IP)
 +
**Nominal Phrase (NB)
 +
**Nominal Phrase (NP)
 +
**Prepositional Phrase (PB)
 +
**Prepositional Phrase (PP)
 +
**Receives Case (RCAS)
 +
**Receives Gender (RGEN)
 +
**Receives Number (RNUM)
 +
**Receives Person (RPER)
 +
**Sentence (SP)
 +
**Specifier of a conjunction (CS)
 +
**Specifier of a determiner (DS)
 +
**Specifier of a noun (NS)
 +
**Specifier of a preposition (PS)
 +
**Specifier of a verb (VS)
 +
**Specifier of an adjective (JS)
 +
**Specifier of an adverb (AS)
 +
**Specifier of an inflection (IS)
 +
**Verbal Phrase (VB)
 +
**Verbal phrase (VP)
 +
*TRANSITIVITY (TRA)
 +
**Ambitransitive (ATST)
 +
**Direct transitive (TST)
 +
**Ditransitive (DTST)
 +
**Indirect transitive (ITST)
 +
**Intransitive (NTST)
 +
**Tritransitive (TTST)
 +
*VALENCY (VAL)
 +
**Avalent (VAL*)
 +
**Divalent (VAL2)
 +
**Monovalent (VAL**)
 +
**Tetravalent (VAL4)
 +
**Trivalent (VAL3)
 +
*VOICE (VOI)
 +
**Active voice (ACV)
 +
**Middle voice (MID)
 +
**Passive voice (PSV)
  
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**Another sub-item
 
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Revision as of 10:50, 17 November 2009

The set of features in a UNL-driven dictionary depends on the structure of the natural language and may vary a lot. However, in order to better standardize lexical resources inside the UNL framework, the UNDL Foundation recommends the adoption of the following tags for some specific and pervasive grammatical phenomena. Several of those linguistic constants have been already proposed to the Data Category Registry (ISO 12620), and represent widely accepted linguistic concepts. Our main intention here is just to provide a harmonized system to be shared by the UNL community so as to make dictionaries as easily understandable and exchangeable as possible.

General Guidelines

In order to define the tags to be used in the UNL Tagset, the following premises were adopted:

  • Tags should be as few as possible
  • Tags should be as short as possible
  • Tags should be as mnemonic as possible

These assumptions led us to the following general guidelines:

  • Tags should be made of a three-character upper-case string
  • Tags should be labelled out of English words
  • Tags should be provided in a attribute-value structure, along with definitions and examples.

The resulting set of tags, which is still subject to additions and revisions, is presented below. For the time being, the definitions and examples have been extracted out of the Glossary of Linguistic Terms (Loos et alii), available at SIL International. The tags are expected to migrate to an on-line environment, still under construction, where accredited linguists will have the opportunity to improve this repertoire.

List of tags (in alphabetical order of tags)

{{#tree:id=tagset|openlevels=1|root=Attributes|

  • ASPECT (ASP)
    • Continuative (CTN)
    • Habitual (HAB)
    • Imperfective (NPFC)
    • Inceptive (ICP)
    • Iterative (ITE)
    • Perfective (PFC)
    • Progressive (PGS)
    • Prospective (PPT)
    • Terminative (TER)
  • CASE (CAS)
    • Abessive (ABE)
    • Ablative (ABL)
    • Absolutive (ASL)
    • Accusative (ACC)
    • Allative (ALL)
    • Benefactive (BEN)
    • Causative (CAU)
    • Comitative (CMT)
    • Dative case (DAT)
    • Delative (DEL)
    • Elative (ELA)
    • Equative (EQU)
    • Ergative (ERG)
    • Essive (ESS)
    • Genitive (GNT)
    • Illative (ILL)
    • Inessive (INE)
    • Instrumental (INS)
    • Lative (LAT)
    • Locative (LOC)
    • Nominative (NOM)
    • Partitive (PTT)
    • Prepositional (PPL)
    • Prolative (PLT)
    • Superessive (SPE)
    • Translative (TLT)
    • Vocative (VOC)
  • DEGREE (DEG)
    • Comparative (CMP)
    • Positive (PST)
    • Superlative (SUP)
  • EVENT TENSE (EVT)
    • Future (ET2)
    • Past (ET*)
    • Present (ET**)
  • GENDER (GEN)
    • Feminine (FEM)
    • Masculine (MCL)
    • Masculine and feminine (MAF)
    • Masculine or feminine (MOF)
    • Neuter (NEU)
  • LEXICAL STATUS (LEX)
    • Multiword expression (MTW)
    • Regular word (WRD)
    • Subword (SBW)
  • MOOD (MOO)
    • Conditional mood (CON)
    • Imperative (IMP)
    • Indicative (IND)
    • Injunctive (INJ)
    • Optative (OPT)
    • Subjunctive (SUB)
  • NUMBER (NUM)
    • Dual (DUA)
    • Paucal (PAU)
    • Plural (PLR)
    • Quadrual (QDR)
    • Singular (SNG)
    • Trial (TRI)
  • PERSON (PER)
    • First person plural (**PP)
    • First person singular (**PS)
    • Second person plural (2PP)
    • Second person singular (2PS)
    • Third person plural (3PP)
    • Third person singular (3PS)
  • PART OF SPEECH (POS)
    • Abbreviation (ABB)
    • Acronym (ACR)
    • Adjective (ADJ)
    • Adverb (ADV)
    • Article (ART)
    • Auxiliary verb (AUX)
    • Cardinal numeral (CDN)
    • Circumposition (CIR)
    • Contraction (CTT)
    • Coordinating conjunction (COO)
    • Copula (COP)
    • Demonstrative (DEM)
    • Emphatic pronoun (EPR)
    • Fraction numeral (FRA)
    • Gerund (GER)
    • Indefinite pronoun (NPR)
    • Infinitive (INF)
    • Infix (IFX)
    • Interjection (ITJ)
    • Interrogative pronoun (IPR)
    • Modal verb (MOV)
    • Multiplicative numeral (MUL)
    • Noun (NOU)
    • Ordinal numeral (ORD)
    • Participle (PTP)
    • Particle (PTC)
    • Personal pronoun (PPR)
    • Posessive pronoun (SPR)
    • Postposition (PPS)
    • Prefix (PFX)
    • Preposition (PRE)
    • Proper noun (PPN)
    • Quantifier (QUA)
    • Reciprocal pronoun (CPR)
    • Reflexive pronoun (FPR)
    • Relative pronoun (RPR)
    • Subordinanting conjunction (SCJ)
    • Suffix (SFX)
    • Verb (VER)
  • REFERENCE TENSE (RTE)
    • Future (RT2)
    • Past (RT*)
    • Present (RT**) 
(Generic (GNR)
(Indefinite (NDEF)
  • SEMANTIC FEATURES (SEM)
    • Abstract (ABS)
    • Acts or actions (ACT)
    • Animal (ANL)
    • Animate (ANM)
    • Artifact (ARF)
    • Attribute (ATT)
    • Body actions (BOV)
    • Body parts (BON)
    • Change (CHA)
    • Cognition nouns (CGN)
    • Cognition verbs (CGV)
    • Communication nouns (CMN)
    • Communication verbs (CMV)
    • Competition (CPT)
    • Consumption (CSM)
    • Contact (CTC)
    • Creation (CRE)
    • Definite (DEF)
    • Emotion (EMO)
    • Feeling (FEE)
    • Food (FOO)
    • Group (GRO)
    • Inanimate (NANM)
    • Location (LCT)
    • Motion (MOT)
    • Motive (MTV)
    • Natural events (NEV)
    • Natural objects (NOB)
    • Natural phenomena (PHE )
    • Natural process (PRO)
    • Non-abstract (NABS)
    • Perception (PCP)
    • Person (PRS)
    • Plant (PLA)
    • Possession noun (PON)
    • Possession verb (POV)
    • Quantity (QTT)
    • Relation (REL)
    • Shape (SHA)
    • Social (SOC)
    • State (STA)
    • Stative (STT)
    • Substance (SBS)
    • Time (TIM)
    • Weather (WEA)
  • SYNTACTIC ROLES (SYN)
    • Adjective Phrase (JB)
    • Adjective Phrase (JP)
    • Adjunct of a determiner (DA)
    • Adjunct of a noun (NA)
    • Adjunct of a preposition (PA)
    • Adjunct of a verb (VA)
    • Adjunct of an adjective (JA)
    • Adjunct of an inflection (IA)
    • Adjunct to a conjunction (CA)
    • Adjunct to an adverb (AA)
    • Adverbial Phrase (AB)
    • Adverbial Phrase (AP)
    • Assigns Case (ACAS)
    • Assigns Gender (AGEN)
    • Assigns Number (ANUM)
    • Assigns Person (APER)
    • Complement of a conjunction (CC)
    • Complement of a determiner (DC)
    • Complement of a noun (NC)
    • Complement of a preposition (PC)
    • Complement of a verb (VC)
    • Complement of an adjective (JC)
    • Complement of an adverb (AC)
    • Complement of an inflection (IC)
    • Conjunctional Phrase (CB)
    • Conjunctional Phrase (CP)
    • Determiner Phrase (DB)
    • Determiner Phrase (DP)
    • Inflectional Phrase (IB)
    • Inflectional Phrase (IP)
    • Nominal Phrase (NB)
    • Nominal Phrase (NP)
    • Prepositional Phrase (PB)
    • Prepositional Phrase (PP)
    • Receives Case (RCAS)
    • Receives Gender (RGEN)
    • Receives Number (RNUM)
    • Receives Person (RPER)
    • Sentence (SP)
    • Specifier of a conjunction (CS)
    • Specifier of a determiner (DS)
    • Specifier of a noun (NS)
    • Specifier of a preposition (PS)
    • Specifier of a verb (VS)
    • Specifier of an adjective (JS)
    • Specifier of an adverb (AS)
    • Specifier of an inflection (IS)
    • Verbal Phrase (VB)
    • Verbal phrase (VP)
  • TRANSITIVITY (TRA)
    • Ambitransitive (ATST)
    • Direct transitive (TST)
    • Ditransitive (DTST)
    • Indirect transitive (ITST)
    • Intransitive (NTST)
    • Tritransitive (TTST)
  • VALENCY (VAL)
    • Avalent (VAL*)
    • Divalent (VAL2)
    • Monovalent (VAL**)
    • Tetravalent (VAL4)
    • Trivalent (VAL3)
  • VOICE (VOI)
    • Active voice (ACV)
    • Middle voice (MID)
    • Passive voice (PSV)






Tag Name Definition Example
1PP First person plural Deictic reference that refers to both the speaker and referents grouped with the speaker. we
1PS First person singular Deictic reference that refers to the speaker. I
2PP Second person plural Deictic reference to more than one referent identified as addressee. you
2PS Second person singular Deictic reference to a single referent identified as addressee. you
3PP Third person plural Deictic reference to more than one referent not identified as the speaker or addressee. they
3PS Third person singular Deictic reference to a single referent not identified as the speaker or addressee. he
AA Adjunct to an adverb An optional constituent of an adverbial phrase.
AB Adverbial Phrase Adverbial-bar phrase (intermediate projection)
ABB Abbreviation Dr.
ABE Abessive A case that expresses the lack or absence of the referent of the noun it marks
ABL Ablative A case that indicates movement from something, and/or cause
ABS Abstract A noun that denotes something viewed as a nonmaterial referent
AC Complement of an adverb A phrasal or clausal category which is selected (subcategorized) by the head of a phrase.
ACAS Assigns Case Used to indicate case agreement
ACC Accusative A case that indicates the direct object of a verb him (in I saw him)
ACR Acronym UNL
ACT Acts or actions Nouns denoting acts or actions
ACV Active voice When the subject is the agent or actor of the verb.
ADJ Adjective Modifiers of nouns. beautiful
ADV Adverb Modifiers of verbs and other constituent classes. beautifully
AGEN Assigns Gender Used to indicate gender agreement
ALL Allative A case that expresses motion to or toward the referent of the noun it marks.
ANL Animal Nouns denoting animals
ANM Animate Indicates an animate reference he, she
ANUM Assigns Number Used to indicate number agreement
AP Adverbial Phrase Adverbial-bar-bar phrase (maximal projection)
APER Assigns Person Used to indicate person agreement
ARF Artifact Nouns denoting man-made objects
ART Article Determiner that identifies a noun's definite or indefinite reference, and new or given status. the
AS Specifier of an adverb
ASL Absolutive Case of nouns in ergative-absolutive languages that would generally be the subjects of intransitive verbs or the objects of transitive verbs in the translational equivalents of nominative-accusative languages such as English.
ASP ASPECT The grammatical aspect (sometimes called viewpoint aspect) of a verb defines the temporal flow (or lack thereof) in the described event or state. In English, for example, the past-tense sentences "I swam" and "I was swimming" differ in aspect (the first sentence is in what is called the perfective or completive aspect, and the second in what is called the imperfective or durative aspect).
ATST Ambitransitive A verb that can be used both as intransitive or as transitive without requiring a morphological change read
ATT Attribute Nouns denoting attributes of people and objects
AUX Auxiliary verb A verb which accompanies the lexical verb of a verb phrase, and expresses grammatical distinctions not carried by the lexical verb. will
BEN Benefactive A case that expresses that the referent of the noun it marks receives the benefit of the situation expressed by the clause
BON Body parts Nouns denoting body parts
BOV Body actions Verbs of grooming, dressing and bodily care
CA Adjunct to a conjunction An optional constituent of a complementizer phrase.
CAS CASE The case of a noun or pronoun indicates its grammatical function in a greater phrase or clause such as the role of subject or of direct object.
CAU Causative A case which expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the cause of the situation expressed by the clause.
CB Conjunctional Phrase Conjunction-bar phrase (intermediate projection)
CC Complement of a conjunction A phrasal or clausal category which is selected (subcategorized) by the head of a phrase.
CDN Cardinal numeral A numeral of the class whose members are considered basic in form, are used in counting, and in expressing how many objects are referred to. two
CGN Cognition nouns Nouns denoting cognitive processes and contents
CGV Cognition verbs Verbs of thinking, judging, analyzing, doubting
CHA Change Verbs of size, temperature change, intensifying, etc.
CIR Circumposition
CMN Communication nouns Nouns denoting communicative processes and contents
CMP Comparative An adjective that compares the quality with that of another of its kind better
CMT Comitative A case expressing accompaniment.
CMV Communication verbs Verbs of telling, asking, ordering, singing
CON Conditional mood The form of the verb used in conditional sentences to refer to a hypothetical state of affairs, or an uncertain event that is contingent on another set of circumstances.
COO Coordinating conjunction A conjunction that links constituents without syntactically subordinating one to the other. and
COP Copula An intransitive verb which links a subject to a noun phrase adjective, or other constituent which expresses the predicate. be (to be)
CP Conjunctional Phrase Conjunction-bar-bar phrase (maximal projection)
CPR Reciprocal pronoun A reciprocal pronoun is a pronoun that expresses a mutual feeling or action among the referents of a plural subject. They hit [each other].
CPT Competition Verbs of fighting, athletic activities
CRE Creation Verbs of sewing, baking, painting, performing
CS Specifier of a conjunction
CSM Consumption Verbs of eating and drinking
CTC Contact Verbs of touching, hitting, tying, digging
CTN Continuative I am still eating.
CTT Contraction don't
DA Adjunct of a determiner An optional constituent of a determiner phrase.
DAT Dative case A case that indicates the indirect object of a verb us (in He gave us the book)
DB Determiner Phrase Determiner-bar phrase (intermediate projection)
DC Complement of a determiner A phrasal or clausal category which is selected (subcategorized) by the head of a phrase.
DEF Definite Specific and identifiable in a given context the
DEG DEGREE Describes the relational value of one thing with something in another clause of a sentence.
DEL Delative A case which expresses motion downward from the referent of the noun it marks.
DEM Demonstrative A determiner that is used deictically to indicate a referent's spatial, temporal, or discourse location. this
DP Determiner Phrase Determiner-bar-bar phrase (maximal projection)
DS Specifier of a determiner
DTST Ditransitive A verb which takes a subject and two objects. give
DUA Dual Number which refers to two members of the class identified by the noun.
ELA Elative A case expressing motion out of or away from the referent of the noun it marks.
EMO Emotion Verbs of feeling
EPR Emphatic pronoun An emphatic pronoun is a personal pronoun that is used to emphasize its referent. [Moi], je suis Français.
EQU Equative A case that expresses likeness or identity to the referent of the noun it marks.
ERG Ergative The case of nouns in ergative-absolutive languages that would generally be the subjects of transitive verbs in the translation equivalents of nominative-accusative languages such as English.
ESS Essive A case that expresses the temporary state of the referent specified by a noun.
ET0 Past An absolute tense that refers to a time before the moment of utterance. was (I was here)
ET1 Present Absolute tense that refers to the moment of utterance am (I am here)
ET2 Future An absolute tense that refers to a time after the moment of utterance. will be (I will be here)
EVT EVENT TENSE A temporal linguistic quality expressing the time at, during, or over which a state or action denoted by a verb occurs with reference to the speaker.
FEE Feeling Nouns denoting feelings and emotions
FEM Feminine A grammatical gender that marks nouns that have human or animal female referents, and often marks nouns that have referents that do not carry distinctions of sex. she
FOO Food Nouns denoting foods and drinks
FPR Reflexive pronoun A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that has coreference with the subject. He prides [himself] on his appearance.
FRA Fraction numeral two thirds
GEN GENDER
GER Gerund sleeping
GNR Generic A noun or noun phrase that refers to a whole class, or any member of a class as a representative of its class.
GNT Genitive A case in which the referent of the marked noun is the possessor of the referent of another noun. my
GRO Group Nouns denoting groupings of people or objects
HAB Habitual An imperfective aspect that expresses the occurrence of an event or state as characteristic of a period of time. I used to walk.
IA Adjunct of an inflection An optional constituent of an inflectional phrase.
IB Inflectional Phrase Inflectional-bar phrase (intermediate projection)
IC Complement of an inflection A phrasal or clausal category which is selected (subcategorized) by the head of a phrase.
ICP Inceptive I started eating.
IFX Infix Affix that is inserted within a root or stem.
ILL Illative A case that expresses motion into or direction toward the referent of the noun it marks.
IMP Imperative A grammatical mood that expresses direct commands or requests. It is also used to signal a prohibition, permission or any other kind of exhortation.
IND Indicative
INE Inessive A case that expresses a location within the referent of the noun it marks.
INF Infinitive The base form of a verb generally unmarked for inflectional categories. be (to be)
INJ Injunctive
INS Instrumental A case indicating that the referent of the noun it marks is the means of the accomplishment of the action expressed by the clause.
IP Inflectional Phrase Inflectional-bar-bar phrase (maximal projection)
IPR Interrogative pronoun A pro-form that is used in questions to stand for the item questioned. who
IS Specifier of an inflection
ITE Iterative Aspect that expresses the repetition of an event or state. I ate it again and again.
ITJ Interjection hello
ITST Indirect transitive A verb which takes a subject and a single indirect object
JA Adjunct of an adjective An optional constituent of an adjective phrase.
JB Adjective Phrase Adjective-bar phrase (intermediate projection)
JC Complement of an adjective A phrasal or clausal category which is selected (subcategorized) by the head of a phrase.
JP Adjective Phrase Adjective-bar-bar phrase (maximal projection)
JS Specifier of an adjective
LAT Lative A case that expresses motion up to the location of, or as far as the referent of the noun it marks.
LCT Location Nouns denoting spatial position
LEX LEXICAL STATUS
LOC Locative A case that expresses location at the referent of the noun it marks.
MAF Masculine and feminine Variable gender un après-midi = une après-midi
MCL Masculine Includes most words that refer to males. he
MID Middle voice A voice that indicates that the subject is the actor and acts upon himself or herself reflexively, or for his or her own benefit.
MOF Masculine or feminine Common gender le pianiste x la pianiste
MOO MOOD A verb mood typically used in dependent clauses to express wishes, commands, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, necessity, or statements that are contrary to fact at present.
MOT Motion Verbs of walking, flying, swimming
MOV Modal verb can
MTV Motive Nouns denoting goals
MTW Multiword expression A free morpheme comprising more than one stem United States of America
MUL Multiplicative numeral A numeral that expresses how many fold or how many times.
NA Adjunct of a noun An optional constituent of a noun phrase.
NABS Non-abstract A noun that denotes something viewed as a material referent
NANM Inanimate Indicates an inanimate reference it
NB Nominal Phrase Nominal-bar phrase (intermediate projection)
NC Complement of a noun A phrasal or clausal category which is selected (subcategorized) by the head of a phrase.
NDEF Indefinite Not specific nor identifiable in a given context a
NEU Neuter Includes mostly words that do not refer to males or females. it
NEV Natural events Nouns denoting natural events
NOB Natural objects Nouns denoting natural objects (not man-made)
NOM Nominative Indicates the subject of a finite verb. I (in I saw him)
NOU Noun beauty
NP Nominal Phrase Nominal-bar-bar phrase (maximal projection)
NPFC Imperfective An event in the process of unfolding (often a repeated or habitual event) I was swimming.
NPR Indefinite pronoun An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that belongs to a class whose members indicate indefinite reference. anybody, one, somebody
NS Specifier of a noun
NTST Intransitive A verb that does not take an object fall
NUM NUMBER A grammatical category of nouns, pronouns, and adjective and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions.
OPT Optative A grammatical mood that indicates a wish or hope.
ORD Ordinal numeral A numeral belonging to a class whose members designate positions in a sequence. second
PA Adjunct of a preposition An optional constituent of a prepositional phrase.
PAU Paucal
PB Prepositional Phrase Adpositional-bar phrase (intermediate projection)
PC Complement of a preposition A phrasal or clausal category which is selected (subcategorized) by the head of a phrase.
PCP Perception Verbs of seeing, hearing, feeling
PER PERSON A deictic reference to a participant in an event, such as the speaker, the addressee, or others.
PFC Perfective A single event conceived as a unit I swam.
PFX Prefix Affix that is joined before a root or stem. un
PGS Progressive Continuous aspect that expresses processes, not states. I am eating.
PHE Natural phenomena Nouns denoting natural phenomena
PLA Plant Nouns denoting plants
PLR Plural Number that expresses reference to a quantity greater than that expressed by the largest specific number category in a language, such as "more than one" in English, and "more than two" in some other languages. they
PLT Prolative A case that expresses motion along or by the referent of the noun it marks.
PON Possession noun Nouns denoting possession and transfer of possession
POS PART OF SPEECH
POV Possession verb Verbs of buying, selling, owning
PP Prepositional Phrase Adpositional-bar-bar phrase (maximal projection)
PPL Prepositional
PPN Proper noun Noun that is the name of a specific individual, place, or object. Geneva
PPR Personal pronoun A personal pronoun is a pronoun that expresses a distinction of person deixis. I, he, she, it, we
PPS Postposition Adposition that occurs after its complement.
PPT Prospective I am about to eat.
PRE Preposition Adposition that occurs before its complement. against
PRO Natural process Nouns denoting natural processes
PRS Person Nouns denoting people
PS Specifier of a preposition
PST Positive
PSV Passive voice When the subject is the patient, target or undergoer of the action.
PTC Particle A word that does not belong to one of the main classes of words is invariable in form, and typically has grammatical or pragmatic meaning. to
PTP Participle A lexical item, derived from a verb, that has some of the characteristics and functions of both verbs and adjectives. done
PTT Partitive A case that expresses the partial nature of the referent of the noun it marks, as opposed to expressing the whole unit or class of which the referent is a part.
QDR Quadrual
QTT Quantity Nouns denoting quantities and units of measure
QUA Quantifier A determiner that expresses a referent's definite or indefinite number or amount. every
RCAS Receives Case Used in case agreement.
REL Relation Nouns denoting relations between people or things or ideas
RGEN Receives Gender Used in gender agreement.
RNUM Receives Number Used in number agreement.
RPER Receives Person Used in person agreement.
RPR Relative pronoun A relative pronoun is a pronoun that marks a relative clause, functions grammatically within the relative clause, and is coreferential to the word modified by the relative clause. The man [who] comes next
RT0 Past had been (I had been here)
RT1 Present
RT2 Future A relative tense tense that refers to a temporal reference point located in the future. would had been (I would had been there)
RTE REFERENCE TENSE A temporal linguistic quality expressing the time at, during, or over which a state or action denoted by a verb occurs with reference to another state or action.
SBS Substance Nouns denoting substances
SBW Subword A bound morpheme (a root, a stem, an inflection) bab (baby)
SCJ Subordinanting conjunction A conjunction that links constructions by making one of them a constituent of another. if
SEM SEMANTIC FEATURES
SFX Suffix Affix that is attached to the end of a root or stem. s
SHA Shape Nouns denoting two and three dimensional shapes
SNG Singular Number that refers to one member of a designated class. he
SOC Social Verbs of political and social activities and events
SP Sentence
SPE Superessive A case that expresses location on the referent of the noun it marks.
SPR Posessive pronoun A possessive pronoun is a pronoun that expresses ownership and relationships like ownership, such as kinship, and other forms of association. my, mine
STA State Nouns denoting stable states of affairs
STT Stative Verbs of being, having, spatial relations
SUB Subjunctive A verb mood typically used in dependent clauses to express wishes, commands, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, necessity, or statements that are contrary to fact at present
SUP Superlative An adjective that compares the quality with many or all others of its kind best
SYN SYNTACTIC ROLES
TER Terminative I finished eating.
TIM Time Nouns denoting time and temporal relations
TLT Translative A case indicating that the referent of the noun, or the quality of the adjective, that it marks is the result of a process of change.
TRA TRANSITIVITY A property of verbs that relates to whether a verb can take direct objects.
TRI Trial A number that refers to three members of the designated class.
TST Direct transitive A verb which takes a subject and a single direct object kiss
TTST Tritransitive A verb which takes a subject and three objects. trade
VA Adjunct of a verb An optional constituent of a verbal phrase.
VAL VALENCY Verb valency or valence refers to the number of arguments controlled by a verbal predicate.
VAL0 Avalent An avalent verb takes no arguments rain
VAL1 Monovalent A monovalent verb takes one argument sleep
VAL2 Divalent A verb which takes two arguments eat
VAL3 Trivalent A trivalent verb takes three arguments give
VAL4 Tetravalent A trivalent verb takes four arguments
VB Verbal Phrase Verbal-bar phrase (intermediate projection)
VC Complement of a verb A phrasal or clausal category which is selected (subcategorized) by the head of a phrase.
VER Verb buy
VOC Vocative A case that marks a noun whose referent is being addressed.
VOI VOICE The voice (also called diathesis) of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.).
VP Verbal phrase Verbal-bar-bar phrase (maximal projection)
VS Specifier of a verb
WEA Weather Verbs of raining, snowing, thawing, thundering
WRD Regular word A single-stem free morpheme

List of tags (in alphabetical order of names)

Tag Name Definition Example
ABB Abbreviation Dr.
ABE Abessive A case that expresses the lack or absence of the referent of the noun it marks
ABL Ablative A case that indicates movement from something, and/or cause
ASL Absolutive Case of nouns in ergative-absolutive languages that would generally be the subjects of intransitive verbs or the objects of transitive verbs in the translational equivalents of nominative-accusative languages such as English.
ABS Abstract A noun that denotes something viewed as a nonmaterial referent
ACC Accusative A case that indicates the direct object of a verb him (in I saw him)
ACR Acronym UNL
ACV Active voice When the subject is the agent or actor of the verb.
ACT Acts or actions Nouns denoting acts or actions
ADJ Adjective Modifiers of nouns. beautiful
JB Adjective Phrase Adjective-bar phrase (intermediate projection)
JP Adjective Phrase Adjective-bar-bar phrase (maximal projection)
DA Adjunct of a determiner An optional constituent of a determiner phrase.
NA Adjunct of a noun An optional constituent of a noun phrase.
PA Adjunct of a preposition An optional constituent of a prepositional phrase.
VA Adjunct of a verb An optional constituent of a verbal phrase.
JA Adjunct of an adjective An optional constituent of an adjective phrase.
IA Adjunct of an inflection An optional constituent of an inflectional phrase.
CA Adjunct to a conjunction An optional constituent of a complementizer phrase.
AA Adjunct to an adverb An optional constituent of an adverbial phrase.
ADV Adverb Modifiers of verbs and other constituent classes. beautifully
AB Adverbial Phrase Adverbial-bar phrase (intermediate projection)
AP Adverbial Phrase Adverbial-bar-bar phrase (maximal projection)
ALL Allative A case that expresses motion to or toward the referent of the noun it marks.
ATST Ambitransitive A verb that can be used both as intransitive or as transitive without requiring a morphological change read
ANL Animal Nouns denoting animals
ANM Animate Indicates an animate reference he, she
ART Article Determiner that identifies a noun's definite or indefinite reference, and new or given status. the
ARF Artifact Nouns denoting man-made objects
ASP ASPECT The grammatical aspect (sometimes called viewpoint aspect) of a verb defines the temporal flow (or lack thereof) in the described event or state. In English, for example, the past-tense sentences "I swam" and "I was swimming" differ in aspect (the first sentence is in what is called the perfective or completive aspect, and the second in what is called the imperfective or durative aspect).
ACAS Assigns Case Used to indicate case agreement
AGEN Assigns Gender Used to indicate gender agreement
ANUM Assigns Number Used to indicate number agreement
APER Assigns Person Used to indicate person agreement
ATT Attribute Nouns denoting attributes of people and objects
AUX Auxiliary verb A verb which accompanies the lexical verb of a verb phrase, and expresses grammatical distinctions not carried by the lexical verb. will
VAL0 Avalent An avalent verb takes no arguments rain
BEN Benefactive A case that expresses that the referent of the noun it marks receives the benefit of the situation expressed by the clause
BOV Body actions Verbs of grooming, dressing and bodily care
BON Body parts Nouns denoting body parts
CDN Cardinal numeral A numeral of the class whose members are considered basic in form, are used in counting, and in expressing how many objects are referred to. two
CAS CASE The case of a noun or pronoun indicates its grammatical function in a greater phrase or clause such as the role of subject or of direct object.
CAU Causative A case which expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the cause of the situation expressed by the clause.
CHA Change Verbs of size, temperature change, intensifying, etc.
CIR Circumposition
CGN Cognition nouns Nouns denoting cognitive processes and contents
CGV Cognition verbs Verbs of thinking, judging, analyzing, doubting
CMT Comitative A case expressing accompaniment.
CMN Communication nouns Nouns denoting communicative processes and contents
CMV Communication verbs Verbs of telling, asking, ordering, singing
CMP Comparative An adjective that compares the quality with that of another of its kind better
CPT Competition Verbs of fighting, athletic activities
CC Complement of a conjunction A phrasal or clausal category which is selected (subcategorized) by the head of a phrase.
DC Complement of a determiner A phrasal or clausal category which is selected (subcategorized) by the head of a phrase.
NC Complement of a noun A phrasal or clausal category which is selected (subcategorized) by the head of a phrase.
PC Complement of a preposition A phrasal or clausal category which is selected (subcategorized) by the head of a phrase.
VC Complement of a verb A phrasal or clausal category which is selected (subcategorized) by the head of a phrase.
JC Complement of an adjective A phrasal or clausal category which is selected (subcategorized) by the head of a phrase.
AC Complement of an adverb A phrasal or clausal category which is selected (subcategorized) by the head of a phrase.
IC Complement of an inflection A phrasal or clausal category which is selected (subcategorized) by the head of a phrase.
CON Conditional mood The form of the verb used in conditional sentences to refer to a hypothetical state of affairs, or an uncertain event that is contingent on another set of circumstances.
CB Conjunctional Phrase Conjunction-bar phrase (intermediate projection)
CP Conjunctional Phrase Conjunction-bar-bar phrase (maximal projection)
CSM Consumption Verbs of eating and drinking
CTC Contact Verbs of touching, hitting, tying, digging
CTN Continuative I am still eating.
CTT Contraction don't
COO Coordinating conjunction A conjunction that links constituents without syntactically subordinating one to the other. and
COP Copula An intransitive verb which links a subject to a noun phrase adjective, or other constituent which expresses the predicate. be (to be)
CRE Creation Verbs of sewing, baking, painting, performing
DAT Dative case A case that indicates the indirect object of a verb us (in He gave us the book)
DEF Definite Specific and identifiable in a given context the
DEG DEGREE Describes the relational value of one thing with something in another clause of a sentence.
DEL Delative A case which expresses motion downward from the referent of the noun it marks.
DEM Demonstrative A determiner that is used deictically to indicate a referent's spatial, temporal, or discourse location. this
DB Determiner Phrase Determiner-bar phrase (intermediate projection)
DP Determiner Phrase Determiner-bar-bar phrase (maximal projection)
TST Direct transitive A verb which takes a subject and a single direct object kiss
DTST Ditransitive A verb which takes a subject and two objects. give
VAL2 Divalent A verb which takes two arguments eat
DUA Dual Number which refers to two members of the class identified by the noun.
ELA Elative A case expressing motion out of or away from the referent of the noun it marks.
EMO Emotion Verbs of feeling
EPR Emphatic pronoun An emphatic pronoun is a personal pronoun that is used to emphasize its referent. [Moi], je suis Français.
EQU Equative A case that expresses likeness or identity to the referent of the noun it marks.
ERG Ergative The case of nouns in ergative-absolutive languages that would generally be the subjects of transitive verbs in the translation equivalents of nominative-accusative languages such as English.
ESS Essive A case that expresses the temporary state of the referent specified by a noun.
EVT EVENT TENSE A temporal linguistic quality expressing the time at, during, or over which a state or action denoted by a verb occurs with reference to the speaker.
FEE Feeling Nouns denoting feelings and emotions
FEM Feminine A grammatical gender that marks nouns that have human or animal female referents, and often marks nouns that have referents that do not carry distinctions of sex. she
1PP First person plural Deictic reference that refers to both the speaker and referents grouped with the speaker. we
1PS First person singular Deictic reference that refers to the speaker. I
FOO Food Nouns denoting foods and drinks
FRA Fraction numeral two thirds
ET2 Future An absolute tense that refers to a time after the moment of utterance. will be (I will be here)
RT2 Future A relative tense tense that refers to a temporal reference point located in the future. would had been (I would had been there)
GEN GENDER
GNR Generic A noun or noun phrase that refers to a whole class, or any member of a class as a representative of its class.
GNT Genitive A case in which the referent of the marked noun is the possessor of the referent of another noun. my
GER Gerund sleeping
GRO Group Nouns denoting groupings of people or objects
HAB Habitual An imperfective aspect that expresses the occurrence of an event or state as characteristic of a period of time. I used to walk.
ILL Illative A case that expresses motion into or direction toward the referent of the noun it marks.
IMP Imperative A grammatical mood that expresses direct commands or requests. It is also used to signal a prohibition, permission or any other kind of exhortation.
NPFC Imperfective An event in the process of unfolding (often a repeated or habitual event) I was swimming.
NANM Inanimate Indicates an inanimate reference it
ICP Inceptive I started eating.
NDEF Indefinite Not specific nor identifiable in a given context a
NPR Indefinite pronoun An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that belongs to a class whose members indicate indefinite reference. anybody, one, somebody
IND Indicative
ITST Indirect transitive A verb which takes a subject and a single indirect object
INE Inessive A case that expresses a location within the referent of the noun it marks.
INF Infinitive The base form of a verb generally unmarked for inflectional categories. be (to be)
IFX Infix Affix that is inserted within a root or stem.
IB Inflectional Phrase Inflectional-bar phrase (intermediate projection)
IP Inflectional Phrase Inflectional-bar-bar phrase (maximal projection)
INJ Injunctive
INS Instrumental A case indicating that the referent of the noun it marks is the means of the accomplishment of the action expressed by the clause.
ITJ Interjection hello
IPR Interrogative pronoun A pro-form that is used in questions to stand for the item questioned. who
NTST Intransitive A verb that does not take an object fall
ITE Iterative Aspect that expresses the repetition of an event or state. I ate it again and again.
LAT Lative A case that expresses motion up to the location of, or as far as the referent of the noun it marks.
LEX LEXICAL STATUS
LCT Location Nouns denoting spatial position
LOC Locative A case that expresses location at the referent of the noun it marks.
MCL Masculine Includes most words that refer to males. he
MAF Masculine and feminine Variable gender un après-midi = une après-midi
MOF Masculine or feminine Common gender le pianiste x la pianiste
MID Middle voice A voice that indicates that the subject is the actor and acts upon himself or herself reflexively, or for his or her own benefit.
MOV Modal verb can
VAL1 Monovalent A monovalent verb takes one argument sleep
MOO MOOD A verb mood typically used in dependent clauses to express wishes, commands, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, necessity, or statements that are contrary to fact at present.
MOT Motion Verbs of walking, flying, swimming
MTV Motive Nouns denoting goals
MUL Multiplicative numeral A numeral that expresses how many fold or how many times.
MTW Multiword expression A free morpheme comprising more than one stem United States of America
NEV Natural events Nouns denoting natural events
NOB Natural objects Nouns denoting natural objects (not man-made)
PHE Natural phenomena Nouns denoting natural phenomena
PRO Natural process Nouns denoting natural processes
NEU Neuter Includes mostly words that do not refer to males or females. it
NB Nominal Phrase Nominal-bar phrase (intermediate projection)
NP Nominal Phrase Nominal-bar-bar phrase (maximal projection)
NOM Nominative Indicates the subject of a finite verb. I (in I saw him)
NABS Non-abstract A noun that denotes something viewed as a material referent
NOU Noun beauty
NUM NUMBER A grammatical category of nouns, pronouns, and adjective and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions.
OPT Optative A grammatical mood that indicates a wish or hope.
ORD Ordinal numeral A numeral belonging to a class whose members designate positions in a sequence. second
POS PART OF SPEECH
PTP Participle A lexical item, derived from a verb, that has some of the characteristics and functions of both verbs and adjectives. done
PTC Particle A word that does not belong to one of the main classes of words is invariable in form, and typically has grammatical or pragmatic meaning. to
PTT Partitive A case that expresses the partial nature of the referent of the noun it marks, as opposed to expressing the whole unit or class of which the referent is a part.
PSV Passive voice When the subject is the patient, target or undergoer of the action.
ET0 Past An absolute tense that refers to a time before the moment of utterance. was (I was here)
RT0 Past had been (I had been here)
PAU Paucal
PCP Perception Verbs of seeing, hearing, feeling
PFC Perfective A single event conceived as a unit I swam.
PER PERSON A deictic reference to a participant in an event, such as the speaker, the addressee, or others.
PRS Person Nouns denoting people
PPR Personal pronoun A personal pronoun is a pronoun that expresses a distinction of person deixis. I, he, she, it, we
PLA Plant Nouns denoting plants
PLR Plural Number that expresses reference to a quantity greater than that expressed by the largest specific number category in a language, such as "more than one" in English, and "more than two" in some other languages. they
SPR Posessive pronoun A possessive pronoun is a pronoun that expresses ownership and relationships like ownership, such as kinship, and other forms of association. my, mine
PST Positive
PON Possession noun Nouns denoting possession and transfer of possession
POV Possession verb Verbs of buying, selling, owning
PPS Postposition Adposition that occurs after its complement.
PFX Prefix Affix that is joined before a root or stem. un
PRE Preposition Adposition that occurs before its complement. against
PPL Prepositional
PB Prepositional Phrase Adpositional-bar phrase (intermediate projection)
PP Prepositional Phrase Adpositional-bar-bar phrase (maximal projection)
ET1 Present Absolute tense that refers to the moment of utterance am (I am here)
RT1 Present
PGS Progressive Continuous aspect that expresses processes, not states. I am eating.
PLT Prolative A case that expresses motion along or by the referent of the noun it marks.
PPN Proper noun Noun that is the name of a specific individual, place, or object. Geneva
PPT Prospective I am about to eat.
QDR Quadrual
QUA Quantifier A determiner that expresses a referent's definite or indefinite number or amount. every
QTT Quantity Nouns denoting quantities and units of measure
RCAS Receives Case Used in case agreement.
RGEN Receives Gender Used in gender agreement.
RNUM Receives Number Used in number agreement.
RPER Receives Person Used in person agreement.
CPR Reciprocal pronoun A reciprocal pronoun is a pronoun that expresses a mutual feeling or action among the referents of a plural subject. They hit [each other].
RTE REFERENCE TENSE A temporal linguistic quality expressing the time at, during, or over which a state or action denoted by a verb occurs with reference to another state or action.
FPR Reflexive pronoun A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that has coreference with the subject. He prides [himself] on his appearance.
WRD Regular word A single-stem free morpheme
REL Relation Nouns denoting relations between people or things or ideas
RPR Relative pronoun A relative pronoun is a pronoun that marks a relative clause, functions grammatically within the relative clause, and is coreferential to the word modified by the relative clause. The man [who] comes next
2PP Second person plural Deictic reference to more than one referent identified as addressee. you
2PS Second person singular Deictic reference to a single referent identified as addressee. you
SEM SEMANTIC FEATURES
SP Sentence
SHA Shape Nouns denoting two and three dimensional shapes
SNG Singular Number that refers to one member of a designated class. he
SOC Social Verbs of political and social activities and events
CS Specifier of a conjunction
DS Specifier of a determiner
NS Specifier of a noun
PS Specifier of a preposition
VS Specifier of a verb
JS Specifier of an adjective
AS Specifier of an adverb
IS Specifier of an inflection
STA State Nouns denoting stable states of affairs
STT Stative Verbs of being, having, spatial relations
SUB Subjunctive A verb mood typically used in dependent clauses to express wishes, commands, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, necessity, or statements that are contrary to fact at present
SCJ Subordinanting conjunction A conjunction that links constructions by making one of them a constituent of another. if
SBS Substance Nouns denoting substances
SBW Subword A bound morpheme (a root, a stem, an inflection) bab (baby)
SFX Suffix Affix that is attached to the end of a root or stem. s
SPE Superessive A case that expresses location on the referent of the noun it marks.
SUP Superlative An adjective that compares the quality with many or all others of its kind best
SYN SYNTACTIC ROLES
TER Terminative I finished eating.
VAL4 Tetravalent A trivalent verb takes four arguments
3PP Third person plural Deictic reference to more than one referent not identified as the speaker or addressee. they
3PS Third person singular Deictic reference to a single referent not identified as the speaker or addressee. he
TIM Time Nouns denoting time and temporal relations
TRA TRANSITIVITY A property of verbs that relates to whether a verb can take direct objects.
TLT Translative A case indicating that the referent of the noun, or the quality of the adjective, that it marks is the result of a process of change.
TRI Trial A number that refers to three members of the designated class.
TTST Tritransitive A verb which takes a subject and three objects. trade
VAL3 Trivalent A trivalent verb takes three arguments give
VAL VALENCY Verb valency or valence refers to the number of arguments controlled by a verbal predicate.
VER Verb buy
VB Verbal Phrase Verbal-bar phrase (intermediate projection)
VP Verbal phrase Verbal-bar-bar phrase (maximal projection)
VOC Vocative A case that marks a noun whose referent is being addressed.
VOI VOICE The voice (also called diathesis) of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.).
WEA Weather Verbs of raining, snowing, thawing, thundering
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