Subcategorization frame

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* pronouns ('he', 'yours')
 
* pronouns ('he', 'yours')
  
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== Syntax of subcategorization frames ==
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== Syntax ==
  
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Subcategorization frames should be presented as a list of syntactic roles separated by semicolons. Each syntactic role must have the following format:
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Subcategorization frames should comply with the '''[[S-Rule]]''' formalism for writing syntactic rules in the UNL framework.
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<SYNTACTIC ROLE> ":=" "(" <SYNTACTIC FEATURES> ")" ";"
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where
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:<SYNTACTIC ROLE> = one of the three pre-defined syntactic roles (see below)
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:<SYNTACTIC FEATURES> = the list of features required by the lemma
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:“ “ = constant
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== Syntactic Roles ==
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There are only three different types of syntactic roles:
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{| border="1" align="center" cellpadding="5"
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!Tag
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!Syntactic Role
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!Description
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|-
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|SPEC
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|specifier (external argument)
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|subject
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|-
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|COMP
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|complement (internal argument)
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|direct object, indirect object
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|-
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|ADJT
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|adjunct
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|adverbial and nominal adjuncts
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|-
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|}
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== Syntactic Features ==
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The syntactic features must be presented in the following format:
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<SYNTACTIC CATEGORY> ["," <SYNTACTIC CASE MARKING>] ["," <SYNTACTIC AGREEMENT> ]* ["," <SYNTACTIC GOVERNMENT> ]
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Where
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[  ] indicates optional;
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" " indicates constant;
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<nowiki>*</nowiki> indicates that can be repeated 0 or more times
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<SYNTACTIC CATEGORY> indicates the syntactic category of the arguments (c-selection). It is mandatory and can assume of the following values:
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** NP = Noun phrase
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** VP = Verbal phrase
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** JP = Adjective phrase
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** AP = Adverbial phrase
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** PP = Prepositional phrase
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** SP = Sentence
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<SYNTACTIC CASE MARKING> indicates the syntactic case marking. It is mandatory for arguments and optional to adjuncts. It can assume the following values:
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** ABL = Ablative
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** ACC = Accusative
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** DAT = Dative
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** GNT = Genitive
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** INS = Instrumental
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** LOC = Locative
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** NOM = Nominative
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<SYNTACTIC AGREEMENT> indicates the agreement. It is mandatory if there is any agreement between the word and its arguments.
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** >NUM = Assigns number
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** <NUM = Receives number
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** >GEN = Assigns gender
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** <GEN = Receives gender
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** >PER = Assigns person
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** <PER = Receives person
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<GOVERNMENT> indicates the adposition (preposition or postposition) required by the word, if any. It should be indicated in relation to the argument.
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** < = left appending (without blank space)
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** << = left appending (with blank space)
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** > = right appending (withou blank space)
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** >> = right appending (with blank space)
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== Other symbols ==
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[Square brackets] may be used to indicate optional elements: a[b]c = ac, abc
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{braces} may be used to indicate alternative elements: a{b,c}d = abd, acd
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== Examples ==
 
== Examples ==

Revision as of 12:26, 14 September 2009

In the UNL framework, Subcategorization Frames are the number and types of syntactic arguments that co-occurs with the lemma in a sentence.

Contents

When to use subcategorization frames

Subcategorization frames are mandatory for words that take one or more syntactic argument, such as:

  • intransitive verbs ('sleep', 'rain')
  • direct transitive verbs ('kill', 'kiss')
  • indirect transitive verbs ('depend', 'rely')
  • ditransitive verbs ('give')
  • deverbals ('arrival', 'construction')
  • adjectives that require a complement ('loyal', 'interested')
  • adverbs that require a complement ('contrarily to')
  • prepositions ('in', 'after', 'near', 'instead')
  • conjunctions ('because', 'and', 'but')

Subcategorization frames are optional for words that take no syntactic argument, such as:

  • nouns ('table', 'computer')
  • adjectives ('beautiful', 'intelligent')
  • adverbs ('yesterday', 'here')
  • determiners ('the', 'this')
  • pronouns ('he', 'yours')

Syntax

Subcategorization frames should comply with the S-Rule formalism for writing syntactic rules in the UNL framework.

Examples

Adjectives

  • BEAUTIFUL
    • There is no need for a semantic frame.
  • LOYAL (TO)
    • COMP:=(PP,"to"<<0);
      • The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "to".
  • INTERESTED (IN)
    • COMP:=(PP,"in"<<0);
      • The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "in".

Adverbs

  • HERE
    • There is no need for a semantic frame.
  • CONTRARILY (TO)
    • COMP:=(PP,"to"<<0);
      • The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "to".

Nouns

  • TABLE
    • There is no need for a semantic frame.
  • CONSTRUCTION (OF)
    • COMP:=(PP,"of"<<0);
      • The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "of".

Prepositions

  • NEAR(TO)
    • COMP:=(PP,"to"<<0);
      • The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "to".
  • IN
    • COMP:=(NP);
      • The complement is a noun phrase (NP).

Verbs

  • INTRANSITIVE ("sleep")
    • SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER);
      • The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head
  • COPULA ("be")
    • SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER); COMP:=({NP,JP}, NOM);
      • The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head, and the complement is either a noun phrase (NP) or an adjective phrase (JP), that receives the nominative case (NOM) as well.
  • DIRECT TRANSITIVE ("kill")
    • SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER); COMP:=(NP,ACC);
      • The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head, and the complement is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the accusative case (NOM).
  • INDIRECT TRANSITIVE ("depend")
    • SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER); COMP:=(PP,ACC,"on"<<0);
      • The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head, and the complement is a prepositional phrase, that receives the accusative case (ACC) and that is preceded by "on".
  • DITRANSITIVE ("give")
    • SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER); COMP:=(NP,ACC); COMP:=(PP,DAT,"to"<<0);
      • The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head, and there are two complements: a noun phrase (NP), that receives the accusative case (ACC), and a prepositional phrase, that receives the dative case (DAT) and is preceded by "to".
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