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| − | == English conjunctions == | + | == Lists of conjunctions == |
| − | <nowiki>*</nowiki> indicates optional representation
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | {|border="1" cellpadding="5"
| + | *[[English grammar#Conjunctions|English conjunctions]] |
| − | !Conjunction
| + | |
| − | !Attribute
| + | |
| − | !English
| + | |
| − | !UNL
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |after||@after||The books will be sent to the library after I have read them.||tim(send, read.@after)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |although||@although||Although they have arrived early they could not enter.||seq(enter, arrive.@although)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |and||@and*||He sold an apartment and bought a country-house.||and(buy, sell.@and) or and(buy, sell)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |as||@as*||The situation is not so bad as you suggest.||man(bad, suggest.@as) or man(bad, suggest)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |as||@because*||It`s empty, as it had been upside down||rsn(empty, upside.@because) or rsn(empty, upside)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |as||@when*||His hands trembled as he spoke.||tim(tremble, speak.@when) or tim(tremble, speak)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |as if||@as.@if||He gives orders as if he were the master of the house.||man(give, master.@as.@if)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |as though||@as.@if||He treated me as though I were a stranger.|| man(treat, stranger.@as.@if)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |as well as||@and*||Robert, as well as Smith, deservers punishment.||and(Smith.@and, Robert) or and(Smith, Robert)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |because||@because*||He said he cannot go because he is very busy.||rsn(go, busy.@because) or rsn(go, busy)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |before||@before||Look before you leap.||tim(look, leap.@before)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |both... and||@and*||He both speaks and writes perfectly.||and(write.@and, speak) or and(write, speak)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |but||@but||He is young but sensible.||and(sensible.@but, young)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |either... or||@or*||He will arrive either tomorrow or the day after tomorrow.|| or(day.@or, tomorrow) or or(day, tomorrow)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |even if||@even.@if||I intend to go even if it rains.||con(go, rain.@even.@if) or con(go, rain.@even)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |even though||@although||Even though I was really tired, I couldn`t sleep.||seq(sleep, tired.@although)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |except if||@except.@if||I intend to go except if it rains.||con(go, rain.@except.@if) or(go, rain.@except)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |for||@because*||We must go, for it is late.||rsn(go, late.@because) or rsn(go, late)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |if||-||I asked him if he intended to travel this month.||obj(ask, intend)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |if||@if*||If you promise to come, I will wait for you.||con(wait, promise.@if) or con(wait, promise)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |in case (that)||@in_case||He wears two watches in case one of them stops.||rsn(wear, stop.@in_case)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |neither... nor||@and*||He drinks neither tea nor milk.||and(milk.@and.@not, tea.@not) or and(milk.@not, tea.@not)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |nor||@and*||He would not buy it nor would he accept it as a gift.||and(accept.@and.@not, buy.@not) or and(accept.@not, buy.@not)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |not only... but also||@and*||Not only does Sue raise money for the symphony, but she also ushers at all of their concerts.||and(usher.@and, raise) or and(usher, raise)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |only if||.@if.@only||Only if you promise to come, I will wait for you.||con(wait, promise.@if.@only) or con(wait, promise.@only)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |or||.@or*||You must prove that you are right or apologize||or(apologize.@or, prove) or or(apologize, prove)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |since||@because*||Since you don`t like this model, I`ll show you another one|| rsn(show, like.@because) or rsn(show, like)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |since||@since*||What have you been doign since I last say you?||tmf(do, say.@since) or tmf(do, say)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |so||@so*||We are late for the train, so we must take a taxi.||seq(take, late.@so) or seq(take, late)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |so that||@so*||He preferred to work in the morning, so that he might be free in the afternoon.||seq(free, prefer.@so) or seq(free, prefer)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |than||-||You are taller than he (is).||bas(tall, he)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |that||-||I know that is impossible.||obj(know, impossible)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |that||@because*||He is so hoarse that we can hardly hear what he says.||rsn(hear, hoarse.@because) or rsn(hear, hoarse)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |that||@so*||He ran that he might arrive in time.||seq(arrive.@so, run) or seq(arrive, run)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |then||@so*||Our expenses will be very heavy: we will have to buy a great number of books; then we`ll have to pay several debts.||seq(pay.@so, buy) or seq(pay, buy)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |though||@although||||
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |till||@until*||Wait till the day breaks.|| tmt(wait, break.@until) or tmt(wait, break)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |unless||@unless||I shall go unless it rains.||con(go, rain.@unless)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |until||@until*||Wait until the day breaks.||tmt(wait, break.@until) or tmt(wait, break)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |when||@when*||When I arrive I will write.||tim(write, arrive.@when) or tim(write, arrive)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |whereas||@whereas*||You didn`t work yesterday, whereas he worked till midnight.||coo(work, work.@whereas) or coo(work, work)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |whether||-||I asked him whether he intended to travel this month.||obj(ask, travel)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |whether... or||@or*||I would like to know whether he is in France or in England.||or(England, France)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |while||@whereas*||You were punctual , while he is always late.||coo(punctual, late.@whereas) or coo(punctual, late)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |while||@while*||Remain standing while they sing.||dur(stand, sing.@while) or dur(stand, sing)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | |yet||@but||He is extremely poor, yet he is as happy as a king.||and(king.@but, poor)
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
To be explicitly represented by attributes, except in case of complementizers ("if", "that", "whether") or when their semantic value may be inferred from the corresponding relation.
| Attribute
|
Value
|
English
|
UNL
|
| @after |
after |
The books will be sent to the library after I have read them. |
tim(send, read.@after)
|
| @although |
although, even though, though |
Although they have arrived early they could not enter. |
seq(enter, arrive.@although)
|
| @and* |
and, nor, as well as, both... and, neither... nor, not only... but also |
He sold an apartment and bought a country-house. |
and(buy, sell.@and) or and(buy, sell)
|
| @as* |
as |
The situation is not so bad as you suggest. |
man(bad, suggest.@as) or man(bad, suggest)
|
| @as.@if |
as if, as though |
He gives orders as if he were the master of the house. |
man(give, master.@as.@if)
|
| @because* |
because, since, for, as, that |
He said he cannot go because he is very busy. |
rsn(go, busy.@because) or rsn(go, busy)
|
| @before |
before |
Look before you leap. |
tim(look, leap.@before)
|
| @but |
but, yet |
He is young but sensible. |
and(sensible.@but, young)
|
| @even.@if |
even if |
I intend to go even if it rains. |
con(go, rain.@even.@if) or con(go, rain.@even)
|
| @except.@if |
except if |
I intend to go except if it rains. |
con(go, rain.@except.@if) or(go, rain.@except)
|
| @if* |
if |
If you promise to come, I will wait for you. |
con(wait, promise.@if) or con(wait, promise)
|
| @if.@only |
only if |
Only if you promise to come, I will wait for you. |
con(wait, promise.@if.@only) or con(wait, promise.@only)
|
| @in_case |
in case (that) |
He wears two watches in case one of them stops. |
rsn(wear, stop.@in_case)
|
| @or* |
or, either... or, whether... or |
You must prove that you are right or apologize |
or(apologize.@or, prove) or or(apologize, prove)
|
| @since* |
since |
What have you been doign since I last say you? |
tmf(do, say.@since) or tmf(do, say)
|
| @so* |
so, then, so that, that |
We are late for the train, so we must take a taxi. |
seq(take, late.@so) or seq(take, late)
|
| @unless |
unless |
I shall go unless it rains. |
con(go, rain.@unless)
|
| @until* |
until, till |
Wait until the day breaks. |
tmt(wait, break.@until) or tmt(wait, break)
|
| @when* |
when, as |
When I arrive I will write. |
tim(write, arrive.@when) or tim(write, arrive)
|
| @whereas* |
whereas, while |
You didn`t work yesterday, whereas he worked till midnight. |
coo(work, work.@whereas) or coo(work, work)
|
| @while* |
while |
Remain standing while they sing. |
dur(stand, sing.@while) or dur(stand, sing)
|
