Conjunctions
From UNL Wiki
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|@while*||while||Remain standing while they sing.||dur(stand, sing.@while) or dur(stand, sing) | |@while*||while||Remain standing while they sing.||dur(stand, sing.@while) or dur(stand, sing) | ||
|} | |} | ||
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== English conjunctions == | == English conjunctions == | ||
<nowiki>*</nowiki> indicates optional representation | <nowiki>*</nowiki> indicates optional representation | ||
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{|border="1" cellpadding="5" | {|border="1" cellpadding="5" | ||
Revision as of 14:50, 4 December 2009
To be explicitly represented by attributes, except in case of complementizers ("if", "that", "whether") or when their semantic value may be inferred from the corresponding relation.
Conjunction attributes
* indicates optional representation
| Attribute | Value | English | UNL |
|---|---|---|---|
| @after | after | The books will be sent to the library after I have read them. | tim(send, read.@after) |
| @although | although, even though, though | Although they have arrived early they could not enter. | seq(enter, arrive.@although) |
| @and* | and, nor, as well as, both... and, neither... nor, not only... but also | He sold an apartment and bought a country-house. | and(buy, sell.@and) or and(buy, sell) |
| @as* | as | The situation is not so bad as you suggest. | man(bad, suggest.@as) or man(bad, suggest) |
| @as.@if | as if, as though | He gives orders as if he were the master of the house. | man(give, master.@as.@if) |
| @because* | because, since, for, as, that | He said he cannot go because he is very busy. | rsn(go, busy.@because) or rsn(go, busy) |
| @before | before | Look before you leap. | tim(look, leap.@before) |
| @but | but, yet | He is young but sensible. | and(sensible.@but, young) |
| @even.@if | even if | I intend to go even if it rains. | con(go, rain.@even.@if) or con(go, rain.@even) |
| @except.@if | except if | I intend to go except if it rains. | con(go, rain.@except.@if) or(go, rain.@except) |
| @if* | if | If you promise to come, I will wait for you. | con(wait, promise.@if) or con(wait, promise) |
| @if.@only | only if | Only if you promise to come, I will wait for you. | con(wait, promise.@if.@only) or con(wait, promise.@only) |
| @in_case | in case (that) | He wears two watches in case one of them stops. | rsn(wear, stop.@in_case) |
| @or* | or, either... or, whether... or | You must prove that you are right or apologize | or(apologize.@or, prove) or or(apologize, prove) |
| @since* | since | What have you been doign since I last say you? | tmf(do, say.@since) or tmf(do, say) |
| @so* | so, then, so that, that | We are late for the train, so we must take a taxi. | seq(take, late.@so) or seq(take, late) |
| @unless | unless | I shall go unless it rains. | con(go, rain.@unless) |
| @until* | until, till | Wait until the day breaks. | tmt(wait, break.@until) or tmt(wait, break) |
| @when* | when, as | When I arrive I will write. | tim(write, arrive.@when) or tim(write, arrive) |
| @whereas* | whereas, while | You didn`t work yesterday, whereas he worked till midnight. | coo(work, work.@whereas) or coo(work, work) |
| @while* | while | Remain standing while they sing. | dur(stand, sing.@while) or dur(stand, sing) |
English conjunctions
* indicates optional representation
| Conjunction | Attribute | English | UNL |
|---|---|---|---|
| after | @after | The books will be sent to the library after I have read them. | tim(send, read.@after) |
| although | @although | Although they have arrived early they could not enter. | seq(enter, arrive.@although) |
| and | @and* | He sold an apartment and bought a country-house. | and(buy, sell.@and) or and(buy, sell) |
| as | @as* | The situation is not so bad as you suggest. | man(bad, suggest.@as) or man(bad, suggest) |
| as | @because* | It`s empty, as it had been upside down | rsn(empty, upside.@because) or rsn(empty, upside) |
| as | @when* | His hands trembled as he spoke. | tim(tremble, speak.@when) or tim(tremble, speak) |
| as if | @as.@if | He gives orders as if he were the master of the house. | man(give, master.@as.@if) |
| as though | @as.@if | He treated me as though I were a stranger. | man(treat, stranger.@as.@if) |
| as well as | @and* | Robert, as well as Smith, deservers punishment. | and(Smith.@and, Robert) or and(Smith, Robert) |
| because | @because* | He said he cannot go because he is very busy. | rsn(go, busy.@because) or rsn(go, busy) |
| before | @before | Look before you leap. | tim(look, leap.@before) |
| both... and | @and* | He both speaks and writes perfectly. | and(write.@and, speak) or and(write, speak) |
| but | @but | He is young but sensible. | and(sensible.@but, young) |
| either... or | @or* | He will arrive either tomorrow or the day after tomorrow. | or(day.@or, tomorrow) or or(day, tomorrow) |
| even if | @even.@if | I intend to go even if it rains. | con(go, rain.@even.@if) or con(go, rain.@even) |
| even though | @although | Even though I was really tired, I couldn`t sleep. | seq(sleep, tired.@although) |
| except if | @except.@if | I intend to go except if it rains. | con(go, rain.@except.@if) or(go, rain.@except) |
| for | @because* | We must go, for it is late. | rsn(go, late.@because) or rsn(go, late) |
| if | - | I asked him if he intended to travel this month. | obj(ask, intend) |
| if | @if* | If you promise to come, I will wait for you. | con(wait, promise.@if) or con(wait, promise) |
| in case (that) | @in_case | He wears two watches in case one of them stops. | rsn(wear, stop.@in_case) |
| neither... nor | @and* | He drinks neither tea nor milk. | and(milk.@and.@not, tea.@not) or and(milk.@not, tea.@not) |
| nor | @and* | He would not buy it nor would he accept it as a gift. | and(accept.@and.@not, buy.@not) or and(accept.@not, buy.@not) |
| not only... but also | @and* | Not only does Sue raise money for the symphony, but she also ushers at all of their concerts. | and(usher.@and, raise) or and(usher, raise) |
| only if | .@if.@only | Only if you promise to come, I will wait for you. | con(wait, promise.@if.@only) or con(wait, promise.@only) |
| or | .@or* | You must prove that you are right or apologize | or(apologize.@or, prove) or or(apologize, prove) |
| since | @because* | Since you don`t like this model, I`ll show you another one | rsn(show, like.@because) or rsn(show, like) |
| since | @since* | What have you been doign since I last say you? | tmf(do, say.@since) or tmf(do, say) |
| so | @so* | We are late for the train, so we must take a taxi. | seq(take, late.@so) or seq(take, late) |
| so that | @so* | He preferred to work in the morning, so that he might be free in the afternoon. | seq(free, prefer.@so) or seq(free, prefer) |
| than | - | You are taller than he (is). | bas(tall, he) |
| that | - | I know that is impossible. | obj(know, impossible) |
| that | @because* | He is so hoarse that we can hardly hear what he says. | rsn(hear, hoarse.@because) or rsn(hear, hoarse) |
| that | @so* | He ran that he might arrive in time. | seq(arrive.@so, run) or seq(arrive, run) |
| then | @so* | Our expenses will be very heavy: we will have to buy a great number of books; then we`ll have to pay several debts. | seq(pay.@so, buy) or seq(pay, buy) |
| though | @although | ||
| till | @until* | Wait till the day breaks. | tmt(wait, break.@until) or tmt(wait, break) |
| unless | @unless | I shall go unless it rains. | con(go, rain.@unless) |
| until | @until* | Wait until the day breaks. | tmt(wait, break.@until) or tmt(wait, break) |
| when | @when* | When I arrive I will write. | tim(write, arrive.@when) or tim(write, arrive) |
| whereas | @whereas* | You didn`t work yesterday, whereas he worked till midnight. | coo(work, work.@whereas) or coo(work, work) |
| whether | - | I asked him whether he intended to travel this month. | obj(ask, travel) |
| whether... or | @or* | I would like to know whether he is in France or in England. | or(England, France) |
| while | @whereas* | You were punctual , while he is always late. | coo(punctual, late.@whereas) or coo(punctual, late) |
| while | @while* | Remain standing while they sing. | dur(stand, sing.@while) or dur(stand, sing) |
| yet | @but | He is extremely poor, yet he is as happy as a king. | and(king.@but, poor) |
