Universal Attributes

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(New page: '''Attributes''' are arcs linking a node to itself. In opposition to relations, they correspond to one-place predicates, i.e., functions that take a single argument. In UNL, attributes...)
 
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*The information on the role of the node in the UNL graph (as in the case for '@entry', that indicates the main (starting) node of a UNL directed graph);
 
*The information on the role of the node in the UNL graph (as in the case for '@entry', that indicates the main (starting) node of a UNL directed graph);
 
*The information on the original co-text (i.e., the textual neighborhoods) from which the node was extracted (as in the case of '@parenthesis', that indicates that the node was originally represented between parentheses); and  
 
*The information on the original co-text (i.e., the textual neighborhoods) from which the node was extracted (as in the case of '@parenthesis', that indicates that the node was originally represented between parentheses); and  
−
*The information on the (external) context of the utterance (as in the case of '@past', that indicates that the node was used in a time before the speaker's one). In that sense, attributes include phenomena technically called “speech acts”, “propositional attitudes”, and many others associated to the idea of "deixis".
+
*The information on the (external) context of the utterance (as in the case of '@past', that indicates that the node was used in a time before the speaker's one). In that sense, attributes include phenomena associated to the idea of "deixis".
  
 
== Set of attributes ==
 
== Set of attributes ==
 +
 +
The set of attributes of the current Specification (2005) is presented below in alphabetical order.
 +
 +
{| border="1"
 +
|+
 +
=== Set of Attributes ===
 +
! Attribute
 +
! Definition
 +
|-
 +
| [[@ability]]
 +
| Ability, capability of doing something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@admire]]
 +
| Admiring feeling of the speaker about something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@affirmative]]
 +
| Affirmation
 +
|-
 +
| [[@although]]
 +
| Something follows against [contrary to] or beyond expectation
 +
|-
 +
| [[@angle_bracket]]
 +
| < > are used
 +
|-
 +
| [[@begin]]
 +
| beginning of an event or a state
 +
|-
 +
| [[@blame]]
 +
| Blameful feeling of the speaker about something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@brace]]
 +
| { } are used
 +
|-
 +
| [[@certain]]
 +
| Certainty that something is true or happens
 +
|-
 +
| [[@complete]]
 +
| finishing/completion of a (whole) event
 +
|-
 +
| [[@conclusion]]
 +
| Logical conclusion due to a certain condition
 +
|-
 +
| [[@confirmation]]
 +
| Confirmation
 +
|-
 +
| [[@consent]]
 +
| Consent feeling of the speaker about something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@consequence]]
 +
| Logical consequence
 +
|-
 +
| [[@contempt]]
 +
| Contemptuous feeling of the speaker about something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@continue]]
 +
| continuation of an event
 +
|-
 +
| [[@contrast]]
 +
| Contrasted UW
 +
|-
 +
| [[@custom]]
 +
| customary or repetitious action
 +
|-
 +
| [[@def]]
 +
| already referred
 +
|-
 +
| [[@discontented]]
 +
| Discontented feeling of the speaker about something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@disjointed]]
 +
| attached to an UW or a group of UWs to show that all element concept do not hold common instance. All connected UWs do not share instances.
 +
|-
 +
| [[@dissent]]
 +
| Dissent feeling of the speaker about something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@double_parenthesis]]
 +
| (( )) are used
 +
|-
 +
| [[@double_quote]]
 +
| “ ” are used
 +
|-
 +
| [[@emphasis]]
 +
| Emphasized UW
 +
|-
 +
| [[@end]]
 +
| end/termination of an event or a state
 +
|-
 +
| [[@entry]]
 +
| Entry or main UW of a sentence or a scope
 +
|-
 +
| [[@exclamation]]
 +
| Exclamation
 +
|-
 +
| [[@expectation]]
 +
| Expectation of something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@experience]]
 +
| experience
 +
|-
 +
| [[@future]]
 +
| will happen in future
 +
|-
 +
| [[@generic]]
 +
| generic concept
 +
|-
 +
| [[@get-benefit]]
 +
| Speaker’s feeling of receiving benefits through the fact or result of something (to be) done by somebody else
 +
|-
 +
| [[@give-benefit]]
 +
| Speaker’s feeling of giving benefits by doing something for somebody else
 +
|-
 +
| [[@grant]]
 +
| To give/get consent/permission to do something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@grant-not]]
 +
| Not to give consent to do something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@humility]]
 +
| In a humility manner
 +
|-
 +
| [[@identifiable]]
 +
| attached to an UW that can identify the subject
 +
|-
 +
| [[@imperative]]
 +
| Imperative
 +
|-
 +
| [[@indef]]
 +
| non-specific class
 +
|-
 +
| [[@inevitable]]
 +
| Logical inevitability that something is true or happens
 +
|-
 +
| [[@insistence]]
 +
| Strong determination to do something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@intention]]
 +
| Intention about something or to do something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@interrogative]]
 +
| Interrogation
 +
|-
 +
| [[@invitation]]
 +
| Inducement
 +
|-
 +
| [[@just]]
 +
| Expresses an event or a state that has just begun or ended/completed
 +
|-
 +
| [[@may]]
 +
| Practical possibility that something is true or happens
 +
|-
 +
| [[@need]]
 +
| Necessity to do something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@not]]
 +
| complement set
 +
|-
 +
| [[@obligation]]
 +
| Obligation to do something according to (quasi-) law, contract, or …
 +
|-
 +
| [[@obligation-not]]
 +
| Obligation not to do something, forbid to do something according to (quasi-) law, contract or …
 +
|-
 +
| [[@ordinal]]
 +
| ordinal number
 +
|-
 +
| [[@parenthesis]]
 +
| ( ) are used
 +
|-
 +
| [[@passive]]
 +
| passive form
 +
|-
 +
| [[@past]]
 +
| happened in the past
 +
|-
 +
| [[@pl]]
 +
| more than one
 +
|-
 +
| [[@polite]]
 +
| polite way
 +
|-
 +
| [[@possible]]
 +
| Logical possibility that something is true or happens
 +
|-
 +
| [[@present]]
 +
| happening at present
 +
|-
 +
| [[@probable]]
 +
| (Practical) probability that something is true or happens
 +
|-
 +
| [[@progress]]
 +
| an event is in progress
 +
|-
 +
| [[@qfocus]]
 +
| Focused UW of a question
 +
|-
 +
| [[@rare]]
 +
| Rare logical possibility that something is true or happens
 +
|-
 +
| [[@regret]]
 +
| Regretful feeling of the speaker about something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@repeat]]
 +
| repetition of an event
 +
|-
 +
| [[@request]]
 +
| Request
 +
|-
 +
| [[@respect]]
 +
| Respectful way
 +
|-
 +
| [[@should]]
 +
| To do something as a matter of course
 +
|-
 +
| [[@single_quote]]
 +
| ‘ ’ are used
 +
|-
 +
| [[@soon]]
 +
| Expresses an event or a state that is about to begin or end/completed
 +
|-
 +
| [[@square_bracket]]
 +
| [ ] are used
 +
|-
 +
| [[@state]]
 +
| final state or the existence of the object on which an action has been taken
 +
|-
 +
| [[@sufficient]]
 +
| Sufficient condition
 +
|-
 +
| [[@surprised]]
 +
| Surprised feeling of the speaker about something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@symmetric]]
 +
| attached to an UW that has symmetricity
 +
|-
 +
| [[@theme]]
 +
| Instantiates an object from a different class
 +
|-
 +
| [[@title]]
 +
| Title
 +
|-
 +
| [[@topic]]
 +
| Topic
 +
|-
 +
| [[@transitive]]
 +
| attached to an UW that has transitivity
 +
|-
 +
| [[@troublesome]]
 +
| Troublesome feeling of the speaker about the occurrence of something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@unavoidable]]
 +
| Unavoidable feeling of the speaker about doing something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@unreal]]
 +
| Unreality that something is true or happens
 +
|-
 +
| [[@vocative]]
 +
| Vocative
 +
|-
 +
| [[@want]]
 +
| Desire to do something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@will]]
 +
| Determination to do something
 +
|-
 +
| [[@wish]]
 +
| Wishful feeling, to wish something is true or has happened
 +
|-
 +
| [[@yet]]
 +
| Expresses an event or a state that has not yet started or ended/completed, together with @not
 +
|}

Revision as of 23:16, 15 April 2009

Attributes are arcs linking a node to itself. In opposition to relations, they correspond to one-place predicates, i.e., functions that take a single argument. In UNL, attributes have been normally used to represent information conveyed by natural language grammatical categories (such as tense, mood, aspect, number, etc). The set of attributes, which is claimed to be universal, is defined in the UNL Specs and is not open to frequent additions.

Contents

Syntax

The syntax of attributes is defined as follows:

<attribute> ::= "@"<attribute name>
<attribute name> ::= <character>...
<character> ::= {“a”,...,“z”,“_”}

where:
< > variable
" " terminal symbol
::=... is defined as ...
{ } disjunction ("or")
... to be repeated more than 0 times

Attribute names are always lower case words or expressions. Normally, English words ("past", "will") or mnemonic abbreviations ("def", "pl") are used for attribute labelling. No blank space is allowed inside an attribute name ('@double_quote').

Semantics

Attributes are annotations made to nodes or hypernodes of a UNL hypergraph. They denote the circumstances under which these nodes (or hypernodes) are used.

Attributes may convey three different kinds of information:

  • The information on the role of the node in the UNL graph (as in the case for '@entry', that indicates the main (starting) node of a UNL directed graph);
  • The information on the original co-text (i.e., the textual neighborhoods) from which the node was extracted (as in the case of '@parenthesis', that indicates that the node was originally represented between parentheses); and
  • The information on the (external) context of the utterance (as in the case of '@past', that indicates that the node was used in a time before the speaker's one). In that sense, attributes include phenomena associated to the idea of "deixis".

Set of attributes

The set of attributes of the current Specification (2005) is presented below in alphabetical order.

Set of Attributes

Attribute Definition
@ability Ability, capability of doing something
@admire Admiring feeling of the speaker about something
@affirmative Affirmation
@although Something follows against [contrary to] or beyond expectation
@angle_bracket < > are used
@begin beginning of an event or a state
@blame Blameful feeling of the speaker about something
@brace { } are used
@certain Certainty that something is true or happens
@complete finishing/completion of a (whole) event
@conclusion Logical conclusion due to a certain condition
@confirmation Confirmation
@consent Consent feeling of the speaker about something
@consequence Logical consequence
@contempt Contemptuous feeling of the speaker about something
@continue continuation of an event
@contrast Contrasted UW
@custom customary or repetitious action
@def already referred
@discontented Discontented feeling of the speaker about something
@disjointed attached to an UW or a group of UWs to show that all element concept do not hold common instance. All connected UWs do not share instances.
@dissent Dissent feeling of the speaker about something
@double_parenthesis (( )) are used
@double_quote “ ” are used
@emphasis Emphasized UW
@end end/termination of an event or a state
@entry Entry or main UW of a sentence or a scope
@exclamation Exclamation
@expectation Expectation of something
@experience experience
@future will happen in future
@generic generic concept
@get-benefit Speaker’s feeling of receiving benefits through the fact or result of something (to be) done by somebody else
@give-benefit Speaker’s feeling of giving benefits by doing something for somebody else
@grant To give/get consent/permission to do something
@grant-not Not to give consent to do something
@humility In a humility manner
@identifiable attached to an UW that can identify the subject
@imperative Imperative
@indef non-specific class
@inevitable Logical inevitability that something is true or happens
@insistence Strong determination to do something
@intention Intention about something or to do something
@interrogative Interrogation
@invitation Inducement
@just Expresses an event or a state that has just begun or ended/completed
@may Practical possibility that something is true or happens
@need Necessity to do something
@not complement set
@obligation Obligation to do something according to (quasi-) law, contract, or …
@obligation-not Obligation not to do something, forbid to do something according to (quasi-) law, contract or …
@ordinal ordinal number
@parenthesis ( ) are used
@passive passive form
@past happened in the past
@pl more than one
@polite polite way
@possible Logical possibility that something is true or happens
@present happening at present
@probable (Practical) probability that something is true or happens
@progress an event is in progress
@qfocus Focused UW of a question
@rare Rare logical possibility that something is true or happens
@regret Regretful feeling of the speaker about something
@repeat repetition of an event
@request Request
@respect Respectful way
@should To do something as a matter of course
@single_quote ‘ ’ are used
@soon Expresses an event or a state that is about to begin or end/completed
@square_bracket [ ] are used
@state final state or the existence of the object on which an action has been taken
@sufficient Sufficient condition
@surprised Surprised feeling of the speaker about something
@symmetric attached to an UW that has symmetricity
@theme Instantiates an object from a different class
@title Title
@topic Topic
@transitive attached to an UW that has transitivity
@troublesome Troublesome feeling of the speaker about the occurrence of something
@unavoidable Unavoidable feeling of the speaker about doing something
@unreal Unreality that something is true or happens
@vocative Vocative
@want Desire to do something
@will Determination to do something
@wish Wishful feeling, to wish something is true or has happened
@yet Expresses an event or a state that has not yet started or ended/completed, together with @not
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