Adpositions
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== Natural Language == | == Natural Language == | ||
− | Natural language adpositions are as '''prepositions''', when preceding a phrase; as '''postpositions''', when following a phrase; and as '''circumpositions''', when surrounding a phrase. | + | Natural language adpositions are classified as'''prepositions''', when preceding a phrase; as '''postpositions''', when following a phrase; and as '''circumpositions''', when surrounding a phrase. |
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=== Lists of prepositions === | === Lists of prepositions === | ||
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== UNL == | == UNL == | ||
Natural language adpositions are expected to be explicitly represented in UNL by [[relations]] or by relations and [[attributes]]. | Natural language adpositions are expected to be explicitly represented in UNL by [[relations]] or by relations and [[attributes]]. | ||
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=== Adpositions as relations === | === Adpositions as relations === | ||
+ | As words that connect two other words, adpositions are always represented in UNL as relations: | ||
+ | ;agt = @by | ||
+ | ;ben = @for | ||
+ | ;dur = @during | ||
+ | ;frm = @from | ||
+ | ;gol = @to | ||
+ | ;ins = @with | ||
+ | ;man = @as | ||
+ | ;met = @by | ||
+ | ;mod = @of | ||
+ | ;opl = @in | ||
+ | ;per = @per | ||
+ | ;plc = @in | ||
+ | ;plf = @from | ||
+ | ;plt = @to | ||
+ | ;pof = @of | ||
+ | ;pos = @of | ||
+ | ;ptn = @with | ||
+ | ;pur = @for | ||
+ | ;scn = @in | ||
+ | ;src = @from | ||
+ | ;tim = @in | ||
+ | ;tmf = @since | ||
+ | ;tmt = @until | ||
+ | ;to = @to | ||
+ | ;via =@through | ||
=== Adpositions as attributes === | === Adpositions as attributes === | ||
+ | Adpositions are represented as relations and attributes when they assign specific values to general relations. For instance: | ||
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+ | ;the book is in the box | ||
+ | :the relation "plc" (place) is sufficient to represent the meaning intended by "in" and no attribute is necessary: plc(book, box) | ||
+ | ;the book is under the box | ||
+ | ;the relation "plc" (place) is too generic to represent the meaning intended by "under" and the attribute @under is necessary? plc(book, box.@under) | ||
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+ | ==== Adposition attributes ==== | ||
+ | For the time being, adpositions have been represented by their English correspondents. | ||
;@aboard | ;@aboard | ||
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;@worth | ;@worth | ||
− | === Default values == | + | === Default values == |
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Revision as of 00:48, 27 July 2012
Adpositions are connecting words used for a wide range of syntactic and semantic functions, most commonly modification and complementation.
Contents |
Natural Language
Natural language adpositions are classified asprepositions, when preceding a phrase; as postpositions, when following a phrase; and as circumpositions, when surrounding a phrase.
Lists of prepositions
UNL
Natural language adpositions are expected to be explicitly represented in UNL by relations or by relations and attributes.
Adpositions as relations
As words that connect two other words, adpositions are always represented in UNL as relations:
- agt = @by
- ben = @for
- dur = @during
- frm = @from
- gol = @to
- ins = @with
- man = @as
- met = @by
- mod = @of
- opl = @in
- per = @per
- plc = @in
- plf = @from
- plt = @to
- pof = @of
- pos = @of
- ptn = @with
- pur = @for
- scn = @in
- src = @from
- tim = @in
- tmf = @since
- tmt = @until
- to = @to
- via =@through
Adpositions as attributes
Adpositions are represented as relations and attributes when they assign specific values to general relations. For instance:
- the book is in the box
- the relation "plc" (place) is sufficient to represent the meaning intended by "in" and no attribute is necessary: plc(book, box)
- the book is under the box
- the relation "plc" (place) is too generic to represent the meaning intended by "under" and the attribute @under is necessary? plc(book, box.@under)
Adposition attributes
For the time being, adpositions have been represented by their English correspondents.
- @aboard
- @about
- @above
- @according_to
- @across
- @after
- @against
- @ahead_of
- @along
- @alongside
- @amid
- @among
- @apart_from
- @around
- @as
- @as_far_as
- @as_of
- @as_per
- @as_regards
- @as_well_as
- @aside
- @aside_from
- @astride
- @at
- @athwart
- @atop
- @barring
- @because_of
- @before
- @behind
- @below
- @beneath
- @beside
- @besides
- @between
- @beyond
- @but
- @by
- @by_means_of
- @circa
- @close_to
- @concerning
- @despite
- @down
- @due_to
- @during
- @except
- @except_for
- @excluding
- @failing
- @far_from
- @following
- @for
- @from
- @from_on
- @given
- @in
- @in_accordance_with
- @in_addition_to
- @in_case_of
- @in_favor_of
- @in_front_of
- @in_place_of
- @in_spite_of
- @in_terms_of
- @including
- @inside
- @inside_of
- @instead_of
- @into
- @like
- @mid
- @near
- @near_to
- @next
- @next_to
- @notwithstanding
- @of
- @off
- @on
- @on_account_of
- @on_behalf_of
- @on_top_of
- @onto
- @opposite
- @out
- @out_from
- @out_of
- @outside
- @outside_of
- @over
- @owing_to
- @pace
- @per
- @prior_to
- @pursuant_to
- @qua
- @regarding
- @regardless_of
- @round
- @save
- @since
- @subsequent_to
- @than
- @thanks_to
- @that_of
- @through
- @throughout
- @to
- @toward
- @towards
- @under
- @underneath
- @unlike
- @until
- @up
- @upon
- @versus
- @via
- @with
- @with_regard_to
- @with_relation_to
- @with_respect_to
- @within
- @without
- @worth