Subcategorization frame
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**VS(NP,NOM),VC(NP,ACC); (the verb as a specifier (NP) that receives the nominative (NOM) case and a complement (NP) that receives the accusative (ACC) case | **VS(NP,NOM),VC(NP,ACC); (the verb as a specifier (NP) that receives the nominative (NOM) case and a complement (NP) that receives the accusative (ACC) case | ||
:Syntactic case marking should be avoided if default (i.e., if already expressed in the language settings) | :Syntactic case marking should be avoided if default (i.e., if already expressed in the language settings) | ||
| − | + | *If the specifier of the verb always receives a nominative case, this information should be stated in the language settings and not in individual subcategorization frames | |
***Subcategorization frame: VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase) | ***Subcategorization frame: VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase) | ||
***Language settings: VS(NP):=VS(NP,NOM); (every NP specifier of the verb receives the nominative (NOM) case) | ***Language settings: VS(NP):=VS(NP,NOM); (every NP specifier of the verb receives the nominative (NOM) case) | ||
Revision as of 10:44, 18 September 2009
In the UNL framework, Subcategorization Frames are the number and types of syntactic arguments that co-occurs with the lemma in a sentence.
Contents |
When to use subcategorization frames
Subcategorization frames are mandatory for words that take one or more syntactic argument, such as:
- intransitive verbs ('sleep', 'rain')
- direct transitive verbs ('kill', 'kiss')
- indirect transitive verbs ('depend', 'rely')
- ditransitive verbs ('give')
- deverbals ('arrival', 'construction')
- adjectives that require a complement ('loyal to', 'interested in')
- adverbs that require a complement ('contrarily to')
- prepositions ('in', 'after', 'near', 'instead')
- conjunctions ('because', 'and', 'but')
- proper nouns that require an article ('The United States of America")
Subcategorization frames are optional for words that take no syntactic argument, such as:
- nouns ('table', 'computer')
- adjectives ('beautiful', 'intelligent')
- adverbs ('yesterday', 'here')
- determiners ('the', 'this')
- pronouns ('he', 'yours')
Syntax
Subcategorization frames should comply with the S-Rule formalism for writing syntactic rules in the UNL framework.
Templates
| Category | Valency | Frame | Example (English) | Example (Frame) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjective | 0 | NO FRAME | beaufitul | |
| Adjective | 1 | JC(PP([X])); where X = preposition required by the adjective | loyal to | JC(PP([to])); |
| Adverb | 0 | NO FRAME | now, here, very, well, normally | |
| Adverb | 1 | AC(PP([X])); where X = preposition required by the adverb | contrarily to | AC(PP([to])); |
| Noun | 0 | NO FRAME | table, computer | |
| Noun | 1 (complement) | NC(PP([X])); where X = preposition required by the noun | construction of | NC(PP([of])); |
| Noun | 1 (specifier) | NS([X]); where X = determiner required by the noun | United States of America | NS([the]); where X = determiner required by the noun |
| Preposition | 1 | PC(XP); where XP is the complement of the preposition (NP, VP, etc). | of | PC(NP); |
| Verb | 0 (impersonal) | NO FRAME | llove (es), chove (pt) | |
| Verb | 1 (intransitive) | VS(NP); | rain, sleep | VS(NP); |
| Verb | 2 (direct transitive) | VS(NP),VC(NP); | kill, kiss | VS(NP),VC(NP); |
| Verb | 2 (indirect transitive) | VS(NP),VC(PP[X]); where X = preposition required by the verb | depend on | VS(NP),VC(PP[on]); where X = preposition required by the verb |
| Verb | 2 (copula) | VS(NP),VC(NP); | be, become | VS(NP),VC(NP); |
| Verb | 3 (ditransitive) | VS(NP),VC(NP),VC(PP[x]); where X = preposition required by the verb | give | VS(NP),VC(NP),VC(PP[to]); |
Observations
- Syntactic case marking can be associated to the arguments of syntactic relations, if necessary:
- VS(NP),VC(NP); (the verb has a specifier (NP) and a complement (NP), i.e., is a direct transitive verb
- VS(NP,NOM),VC(NP,ACC); (the verb as a specifier (NP) that receives the nominative (NOM) case and a complement (NP) that receives the accusative (ACC) case
- Syntactic case marking should be avoided if default (i.e., if already expressed in the language settings)
- If the specifier of the verb always receives a nominative case, this information should be stated in the language settings and not in individual subcategorization frames
- Subcategorization frame: VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase)
- Language settings: VS(NP):=VS(NP,NOM); (every NP specifier of the verb receives the nominative (NOM) case)
- Agreement information can be associated to the arguments of syntactic relations, if necessary:
- VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase (NP));
- VS(NP,ANUM,APER); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase (NP) that assigns number (ANUM) and person (APER) to its head);
- Agreement information should be avoided if default (i.e., if already expressed in the language settings)
- If the specifier of the verb always assigns number and person to its head this information should be state in the language settings and not in individual subcategorization frames
- Subcategorization frame: VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase)
- Language settings: VS(NP):=VS(NP,ANUM,APER); (every NP specifier of the verb assigns number and person to its head)
- If the specifier of the verb always assigns number and person to its head this information should be state in the language settings and not in individual subcategorization frames
