Persian

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(Nouns)
(Verbs)
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== Verbs ==
 
== Verbs ==
In the Dictionary each Persian verb is presented by two entries; "Infinitive Form" and "First Person Singular Present Indicative".
+
Verbal Paradigms in Persian are derived from two stems: past stem and present stem. So each Persian verb is presented by two entries; "Infinitive Form" as a reference for past tense paradigms and "First Person Singular Present Indicative" for present tense.
  
 
Example:
 
Example:
 
"to eat": "خوردن" / "خورم"
 
"to eat": "خوردن" / "خورم"
 +
 
"to go": "رفتن"/"روم"
 
"to go": "رفتن"/"روم"
  

Revision as of 14:31, 10 November 2013

This page is dedicated to the documentation of the technical decisions concerning Persian in the UNLframework.

Nouns

Nouns, in Persian, have the following inflectional schema:

  • SNG (singular)
  • PLR (plural)

Examples

M2 (PLR
=>"‌ها";)
SNG:=0>"";
PLR:=0>"‌ها";
Examples: کاسه>کاسه‌ها; پسر>پسرها; رادیو>رادیوها;
M3 (PLR
=>"ان";)
SNG:=0>"";
PLR:=0>"ان";
Examples: مرد>مردان; زن>زنان; فرزند>فرزندان;


Most Persian nouns have more than one plural form.

Example: پسر>پسرها>پسران, معلم>معلمان>معلمین>معلم‌ها, منطقه>منطقه‌ها>مناطق

The most frequent plural form of a noun is considered as an inflectional paradigm and the less frequent, as an inflectional rule. Ex:

      پسر
      Inflection:            M3:PLR:=>"ان";
      Inflectional Rules:    PLR&ALT:=>"‌ها";

Verbs

Verbal Paradigms in Persian are derived from two stems: past stem and present stem. So each Persian verb is presented by two entries; "Infinitive Form" as a reference for past tense paradigms and "First Person Singular Present Indicative" for present tense.

Example: "to eat": "خوردن" / "خورم"

"to go": "رفتن"/"روم"

Hence, Persian verbs have the following Inflectional Paradigms:

Past tenses:

    INF:=0>"";    Ex: خوردن
    PAS&PFV&1PS:="ن">"م";                                        
    PAS&PFV&2PS:="ن">"ی";
  ....             Ex:  خوردم/خوردی/خورد   /خوردیم/خوردید/خوردند
    
    PAS&RES&1PS:="ن">"ه‌ام";
    PAS&RES&2PS:="ن">"ه‌ای";
  ....             Ex: خورده‌ام/ خورده‌ای/خورده‌است    خورده‌ایم/خورده‌اید/خورده‌اند  
   
    NPFV&PAS&1PS:= "می‌"<0,"ن">"م";
    NPFV&PAS&2PS:="می‌"<0,"ن">"ی";
  ....             Ex: می‌خوردم/می‌خوردی/می‌خورد    می‌خوردیم/می‌خوردید/ می‌خوردند
   
   PTL:="ن">"ه‌";   Ex: خورده
                  

Present tenses:

    1PS&PRS&IND:=0>"";        Ex: خورم
    PRS&CTN&1PS:="می‌"<0;
    PRS&CTN&2PS:="می‌"<0,"م">"ی";
  ...            Ex: می‌خورم/می‌خوری/‌می‌خورد    می‌خوریم/می‌خورید/می‌خورند
    PRS&SUB&1PS:="ب"<0;
    PRS&SUB&2PS:="ب"<0,"م">"ی";
  ...            Ex: بخورم/بخوری/بخورد     بخوریم/بخورید/بخورند
    IMP&2PS:="ب"<0,"م">"";      Ex:  بخور
    IMP&2PP:="ب"<0,"م">"ید";    Ex:  بخورید
    PHB&2PS:="ن"<0,"م">"";      Ex:  نخور
    PHB&2PP:="ن"<0,"م">"ید";    Ex:  نخورید
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