Persian
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(→Verbs) |
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== Verbs == | == Verbs == | ||
− | + | Verbal Paradigms in Persian are derived from two stems: past stem and present stem. So each Persian verb is presented by two entries; "Infinitive Form" as a reference for past tense paradigms and "First Person Singular Present Indicative" for present tense. | |
Example: | Example: | ||
"to eat": "خوردن" / "خورم" | "to eat": "خوردن" / "خورم" | ||
+ | |||
"to go": "رفتن"/"روم" | "to go": "رفتن"/"روم" | ||
Revision as of 14:31, 10 November 2013
This page is dedicated to the documentation of the technical decisions concerning Persian in the UNLframework.
Nouns
Nouns, in Persian, have the following inflectional schema:
- SNG (singular)
- PLR (plural)
Examples
- M2 (PLR
- =>"ها";)
- SNG:=0>"";
- PLR:=0>"ها";
- Examples: کاسه>کاسهها; پسر>پسرها; رادیو>رادیوها;
- M3 (PLR
- =>"ان";)
- SNG:=0>"";
- PLR:=0>"ان";
- Examples: مرد>مردان; زن>زنان; فرزند>فرزندان;
Most Persian nouns have more than one plural form.
Example: پسر>پسرها>پسران, معلم>معلمان>معلمین>معلمها, منطقه>منطقهها>مناطق
The most frequent plural form of a noun is considered as an inflectional paradigm and the less frequent, as an inflectional rule. Ex:
پسر Inflection: M3:PLR:=>"ان"; Inflectional Rules: PLR&ALT:=>"ها";
Verbs
Verbal Paradigms in Persian are derived from two stems: past stem and present stem. So each Persian verb is presented by two entries; "Infinitive Form" as a reference for past tense paradigms and "First Person Singular Present Indicative" for present tense.
Example: "to eat": "خوردن" / "خورم"
"to go": "رفتن"/"روم"
Hence, Persian verbs have the following Inflectional Paradigms:
Past tenses:
INF:=0>""; Ex: خوردن PAS&PFV&1PS:="ن">"م"; PAS&PFV&2PS:="ن">"ی"; .... Ex: خوردم/خوردی/خورد /خوردیم/خوردید/خوردند PAS&RES&1PS:="ن">"هام"; PAS&RES&2PS:="ن">"های"; .... Ex: خوردهام/ خوردهای/خوردهاست خوردهایم/خوردهاید/خوردهاند NPFV&PAS&1PS:= "می"<0,"ن">"م"; NPFV&PAS&2PS:="می"<0,"ن">"ی"; .... Ex: میخوردم/میخوردی/میخورد میخوردیم/میخوردید/ میخوردند PTL:="ن">"ه"; Ex: خورده
Present tenses:
1PS&PRS&IND:=0>""; Ex: خورم PRS&CTN&1PS:="می"<0; PRS&CTN&2PS:="می"<0,"م">"ی"; ... Ex: میخورم/میخوری/میخورد میخوریم/میخورید/میخورند
PRS&SUB&1PS:="ب"<0; PRS&SUB&2PS:="ب"<0,"م">"ی"; ... Ex: بخورم/بخوری/بخورد بخوریم/بخورید/بخورند
IMP&2PS:="ب"<0,"م">""; Ex: بخور IMP&2PP:="ب"<0,"م">"ید"; Ex: بخورید PHB&2PS:="ن"<0,"م">""; Ex: نخور PHB&2PP:="ن"<0,"م">"ید"; Ex: نخورید