Subcategorization frame
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== Observations == | == Observations == | ||
| − | + | '''Syntactic case marking''' can be associated to the arguments of syntactic relations, if necessary: | |
**VS(NP),VC(NP); (the verb has a specifier (NP) and a complement (NP), i.e., is a direct transitive verb (without syntactic case marking) | **VS(NP),VC(NP); (the verb has a specifier (NP) and a complement (NP), i.e., is a direct transitive verb (without syntactic case marking) | ||
**VS(NP,NOM),VC(NP,ACC); (the verb as a specifier (NP) that receives the nominative (NOM) case and a complement (NP) that receives the accusative (ACC) case | **VS(NP,NOM),VC(NP,ACC); (the verb as a specifier (NP) that receives the nominative (NOM) case and a complement (NP) that receives the accusative (ACC) case | ||
:Syntactic case marking should be avoided if default (i.e., if already expressed in the language settings) | :Syntactic case marking should be avoided if default (i.e., if already expressed in the language settings) | ||
| − | + | If the specifier of the verb always receives a nominative case, this information should be stated in the language settings and not in individual subcategorization frames | |
| − | + | **Subcategorization frame: VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase) | |
| − | + | **Language settings: VS(NP):=VS(NP,NOM); (every NP specifier of the verb receives the nominative (NOM) case) | |
| − | + | '''Agreement''' information can be associated to the arguments of syntactic relations, if necessary: | |
**VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase and there is no information on agreement | **VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase and there is no information on agreement | ||
**VS(NP,ANUM,APER); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase (NP) that assigns number (ANUM) and person (APER) to its head); | **VS(NP,ANUM,APER); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase (NP) that assigns number (ANUM) and person (APER) to its head); | ||
:Agreement information should be avoided if default (i.e., if already expressed in the language settings) | :Agreement information should be avoided if default (i.e., if already expressed in the language settings) | ||
| − | + | If the specifier of the verb always assigns number and person to its head this information should be state in the language settings and not in individual subcategorization frames | |
| − | + | **Subcategorization frame: VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase) | |
| − | + | **Language settings: VS(NP):=VS(NP,ANUM,APER); (every NP specifier of the verb assigns number and person to its head) | |
Revision as of 10:54, 18 September 2009
In the UNL framework, Subcategorization Frames are the number and types of syntactic arguments that co-occurs with the lemma in a sentence.
Contents |
When to use subcategorization frames
Subcategorization frames are mandatory for words that take one or more syntactic argument, such as:
- intransitive verbs ('sleep', 'rain')
- direct transitive verbs ('kill', 'kiss')
- indirect transitive verbs ('depend', 'rely')
- ditransitive verbs ('give')
- deverbals ('arrival', 'construction')
- adjectives that require a complement ('loyal to', 'interested in')
- adverbs that require a complement ('contrarily to')
- prepositions ('in', 'after', 'near', 'instead')
- conjunctions ('because', 'and', 'but')
- proper nouns that require an article ('The United States of America")
Subcategorization frames are optional for words that take no syntactic argument, such as:
- nouns ('table', 'computer')
- adjectives ('beautiful', 'intelligent')
- adverbs ('yesterday', 'here')
- determiners ('the', 'this')
- pronouns ('he', 'yours')
Syntax
Subcategorization frames should comply with the S-Rule formalism for writing syntactic rules in the UNL framework.
Templates
| Category | Valency | Frame | Example (English) | Example (Frame) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjective | 0 | NO FRAME | beaufitul | |
| Adjective | 1 | JC(PP([X])); where X = preposition required by the adjective | loyal to | JC(PP([to])); |
| Adverb | 0 | NO FRAME | now, here, very, well, normally | |
| Adverb | 1 | AC(PP([X])); where X = preposition required by the adverb | contrarily to | AC(PP([to])); |
| Noun | 0 | NO FRAME | table, computer | |
| Noun | 1 (complement) | NC(PP([X])); where X = preposition required by the noun | construction of | NC(PP([of])); |
| Noun | 1 (specifier) | NS([X]); where X = determiner required by the noun | United States of America | NS([the]); where X = determiner required by the noun |
| Preposition | 1 | PC(XP); where XP is the complement of the preposition (NP, VP, etc). | of | PC(NP); |
| Verb | 0 (impersonal) | NO FRAME | llove (es), chove (pt) | |
| Verb | 1 (intransitive) | VS(NP); | rain, sleep | VS(NP); |
| Verb | 2 (direct transitive) | VS(NP),VC(NP); | kill, kiss | VS(NP),VC(NP); |
| Verb | 2 (indirect transitive) | VS(NP),VC(PP[X]); where X = preposition required by the verb | depend on | VS(NP),VC(PP[on]); where X = preposition required by the verb |
| Verb | 2 (copula) | VS(NP),VC(NP); | be, become | VS(NP),VC(NP); |
| Verb | 3 (ditransitive) | VS(NP),VC(NP),VC(PP[x]); where X = preposition required by the verb | give | VS(NP),VC(NP),VC(PP[to]); |
Observations
Syntactic case marking can be associated to the arguments of syntactic relations, if necessary:
- VS(NP),VC(NP); (the verb has a specifier (NP) and a complement (NP), i.e., is a direct transitive verb (without syntactic case marking)
- VS(NP,NOM),VC(NP,ACC); (the verb as a specifier (NP) that receives the nominative (NOM) case and a complement (NP) that receives the accusative (ACC) case
- Syntactic case marking should be avoided if default (i.e., if already expressed in the language settings)
If the specifier of the verb always receives a nominative case, this information should be stated in the language settings and not in individual subcategorization frames
- Subcategorization frame: VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase)
- Language settings: VS(NP):=VS(NP,NOM); (every NP specifier of the verb receives the nominative (NOM) case)
Agreement information can be associated to the arguments of syntactic relations, if necessary:
- VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase and there is no information on agreement
- VS(NP,ANUM,APER); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase (NP) that assigns number (ANUM) and person (APER) to its head);
- Agreement information should be avoided if default (i.e., if already expressed in the language settings)
If the specifier of the verb always assigns number and person to its head this information should be state in the language settings and not in individual subcategorization frames
- Subcategorization frame: VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase)
- Language settings: VS(NP):=VS(NP,ANUM,APER); (every NP specifier of the verb assigns number and person to its head)
