Syntactic relations: Difference between revisions
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'''Syntactic roles''' are the roles that constituents play inside a syntactic structure. The UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework follows the [[Syntax|X-bar approach]] and proposes four syntactic roles: | |||
*'''HEAD''' is the nucleus or the source of the whole syntactic structure, which is actually derived (or projected) out of it. | |||
*'''COMP''' (i.e., complement) is an internal argument, i.e., a word, phrase or clause which is necessary to the head to complete its meaning (e.g., objects of transitive verbs); | |||
*'''ADJT''' (i.e., adjunct) is a word, phrase or clause which modifies the head but which is not syntactically required by it (adjuncts are expected to be extranuclear, i.e., removing an adjunct would leave a grammatically well-formed sentence); | |||
*'''SPEC''' (i.e., specifier) is an external argument, i.e., a word, phrase or clause which qualifies (determines) the head; | |||
== Examples == | |||
Consider, for instance, the examples below: | |||
;1. Verbal phrase: | |||
<quote>Peter gave a new book to Mary yesterday.</quote> | |||
:*"gave" is the HEAD (nucleus) of the verbal phrase "Peter gave a new book to Mary yesterday". | |||
:*"a new book" and "to Mary" are COMP (complements) of "gave" | |||
:*"yesterday" is an ADJT (adjunct) of "gave" | |||
:*"Peter" is the SPEC (specifier) of "gave" | |||
Revision as of 17:31, 13 August 2013
Syntactic roles are the roles that constituents play inside a syntactic structure. The UNLarium framework follows the X-bar approach and proposes four syntactic roles:
- HEAD is the nucleus or the source of the whole syntactic structure, which is actually derived (or projected) out of it.
- COMP (i.e., complement) is an internal argument, i.e., a word, phrase or clause which is necessary to the head to complete its meaning (e.g., objects of transitive verbs);
- ADJT (i.e., adjunct) is a word, phrase or clause which modifies the head but which is not syntactically required by it (adjuncts are expected to be extranuclear, i.e., removing an adjunct would leave a grammatically well-formed sentence);
- SPEC (i.e., specifier) is an external argument, i.e., a word, phrase or clause which qualifies (determines) the head;
Examples
Consider, for instance, the examples below:
- 1. Verbal phrase
<quote>Peter gave a new book to Mary yesterday.</quote>
- "gave" is the HEAD (nucleus) of the verbal phrase "Peter gave a new book to Mary yesterday".
- "a new book" and "to Mary" are COMP (complements) of "gave"
- "yesterday" is an ADJT (adjunct) of "gave"
- "Peter" is the SPEC (specifier) of "gave"
