http://www.unlweb.net/wiki/index.php?title=Subcategorization_frames&feed=atom&action=historySubcategorization frames - Revision history2024-03-28T11:26:53ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.18.1http://www.unlweb.net/wiki/index.php?title=Subcategorization_frames&diff=6945&oldid=prevMartins at 14:57, 2 September 20132013-09-02T14:57:59Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''Subcategorization frames''' are sets of rules used to generate syntactic structures out of the [[base form]].  </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>'''Subcategorization frames''' are sets of rules used to generate syntactic structures out of the [[base form]].  </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== What are subcategorization frames ? ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== What are subcategorization frames ? ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Subcategorization frames are sets of [[subcategorization]] rules that apply for a wide range of cases, i.e., that are regular.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Subcategorization frames are sets of [[subcategorization]] rules that apply for a wide range of cases, i.e., that are regular.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== When to use subcategorization frames ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== When to use subcategorization frames ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Subcategorization frames are used in case of [[valency|valent]] words whose syntactic needs follow a general rule, i.e., whenever there can be stated a regular pattern for generating constituents linked to the base form, such as specifiers, complements and adjuncts.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Subcategorization frames are used in case of [[valency|valent]] words whose syntactic needs follow a general rule, i.e., whenever there can be stated a regular pattern for generating constituents linked to the base form, such as specifiers, complements and adjuncts.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== When not to use subcategorization frames ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== When not to use subcategorization frames ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Subcategorization frames are not used in case of avalent words or in case of irregular behaviour, which is described by [[subcategorization rules]].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Subcategorization frames are not used in case of avalent words or in case of irregular behaviour, which is described by [[subcategorization rules]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>For instance, very few verbs, in English, admit more than two arguments, such as "to bet" in "I bet you ten pounds that they lose". This syntactic behavior, which can be described by the rule VS(NP)VC(PPR)VC(NP)VC(CH([that]));, as very specific, is likely to be defined as a subcategorization rule, to be created inside the dictionary, rather than as a subcategorization frame, created in the grammar.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>For instance, very few verbs, in English, admit more than two arguments, such as "to bet" in "I bet you ten pounds that they lose". This syntactic behavior, which can be described by the rule VS(NP)VC(PPR)VC(NP)VC(CH([that]));, as very specific, is likely to be defined as a subcategorization rule, to be created inside the dictionary, rather than as a subcategorization frame, created in the grammar.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Reference </del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Syntax </ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">See [[</ins>subcategorization<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>subcategorization <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">frames are referred as follows:</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*by its common name (such as "intransitive", "direct transitive"), in case of well-established reference;</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*by the rule itself, in case of single-rule frames; </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*by the most distinctive rule, if any; or</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*by a "leading form", i.e., a typical example (a prototype) representative of the whole category, otherwise.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">There are two predefined frames in the UNL<sup>arium</sup>:</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">;AVALENT</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">:If the word has valency equal to 0, i.e., if it does not require any argument.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">;IRREGULAR</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">:If the word requires an argument but does not follow any existing frame.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Examples ==</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{| border="1" cellpadding="5"</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">!Rules</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">!Description</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">!Examples</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|-</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|NS(DP([the]));</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|The noun phrase requires the determiner phrase "the" as its specifier (NS)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|the United States, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|-</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|VS(NP);</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|The verbal phrase requires a noun phrase as a specifier (VS) (intransitive verbs)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|sleep, die, etc.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|-</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|VS(NP)VC(NP);</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|The verbal phrase requires a noun phrase as a specifier (VS) and a noun phrase as a complement (VC) (direct transitive verbs)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|make, read, write, etc</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|-</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|VS(NP)VC(PH([on]));</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|The verbal phrase requires a noun phrase as a specifier (VS) and a prepositional phrase headed by "on" as a complement (VC)(indirect transitive verbs governing "on")</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|depend, insist, operate</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|-</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|VS(NP)VC(NP)VC(PH([to]));</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|The verbal phrase requires a noun phrase as a specifier (VS), a noun phrase as a complement (VC), and a prepositional phrase headed by "to" as a complement (VC)(ditransitive verbs)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|give</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Syntactic ambiguities ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Syntactic ambiguities ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>:*auxiliary: "He is going to Paris." (avalent: no frame)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>:*auxiliary: "He is going to Paris." (avalent: no frame)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Examples </del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Reference </ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The subcategorization frames are referred as follows:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*by its common name (such as "intransitive", "direct transitive"), in case of well-established reference;</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*by the rule itself, in case of single-rule frames; </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*by the most distinctive rule, if any; or</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*by a "leading form", i.e., a typical example (a prototype) representative of the whole category, otherwise.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{| border="1" cellpadding="5"</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">There are two predefined frames in the UNL<sup>arium</sup>:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">!Rules</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">AVALENT</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">!Description</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">:If </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">word has valency equal to 0</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">i.e.</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">if it does not require any argument.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">!Examples</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">IRREGULAR</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|-</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">:If the word </ins>requires <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">an argument but does not follow any existing frame</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|NS(DP([the]))</del>;</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|The noun phrase requires </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">determiner phrase "the" as its specifier (NS)</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|the United States</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the Netherlands</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the United Kingdom</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|-</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|VS(NP)</del>;</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|The verbal phrase </del>requires <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a noun phrase as a specifier (VS) (intransitive verbs)</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|sleep, die, etc</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|-</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|VS(NP)VC(NP);</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|The verbal phrase requires a noun phrase as a specifier (VS) and a noun phrase as a complement (VC) (direct transitive verbs)</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|make, read, write, etc</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|-</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|VS(NP)VC(PH([on]));</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|The verbal phrase requires a noun phrase as a specifier (VS) and a prepositional phrase headed by "on" as a complement (VC)(indirect transitive verbs governing "on")</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|depend, insist, operate</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|-</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|VS(NP)VC(NP)VC(PH([to]));</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|The verbal phrase requires a noun phrase as a specifier (VS), a noun phrase as a complement (VC), and a prepositional phrase headed by "to" as a complement (VC)(ditransitive verbs)</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|give</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|}</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Notes ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Notes ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><references /></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><references /></div></td></tr>
</table>Martinshttp://www.unlweb.net/wiki/index.php?title=Subcategorization_frames&diff=6943&oldid=prevMartins at 14:55, 2 September 20132013-09-02T14:55:16Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>:If the word requires an argument but does not follow any existing frame.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>:If the word requires an argument but does not follow any existing frame.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Syntax ==</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Subcategorization frames are expressed by [[S-rule]]s, a special formalism for representing the syntactic structure of phrases.</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> <HD SYNTACTIC ROLE>(<ARGUMENT>);</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Where:<br/></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><HD SYNTACTIC ROLE> is a head-driven [[Syntactic role]] (VA, VC, VS, VH, etc) of the term required by the base form; and<br /></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><ARGUMENT> is the term required by the base form to saturate its syntactic structure, i.e., in order to form the simplest maximal projection (NP, VP, JP, AP, PP, DP). <br /></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Observations ==</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#There must be as many syntactic roles as [[Subcategorization#Necessary_and_optional_arguments|necessary arguments]] inside a subcategorization frame</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#*VS(NP); (intransitive verbs)</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#*VS(NP)VC(NP); (direct transitive verbs)</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#*VS(NP)VC(NP)VC(NP); (a verb with two direct objects)</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#*VS(NP)VC(NP)VC(NP)VC(NP); (a verb with three direct objects)</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#The arguments must be represented by their corresponding maximal projection (NP,VP,etc.) or by a XH relation in case the argument is necessarily headed by a given word:</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#*VS(NP)VC(NP); (verbs taking a NP as specifier and another NP as complement)</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#*VS(NP)VC(PH([of])); (verbs taking a NP as specifier a PP introduced by [of] as a complement = PH([of]);)</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#The arguments may have as many features as necessary, provided that they are '''necessary''' and represented according to the [[Tagset]].</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#*VS(NP,NOM); (verbs taking a NP in the nominative case (NOM) as specifier)</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#*VS(NP,NOM)VC(NP,ACC); (verbs taking a NP in the nominative case as specifier and another NP in accusative case as complement)</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#*VS(NP,PPR,NOM); (verbs taking a NP that is a personal pronoun (PPR) in the nominative case (NOM))</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#:Features of arguments may be omitted if they are default</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#:If the NP is always NOM in VS there is no need for VS(NP,NOM); the frame must be simply VS(NP);</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#Maximal projections must explicitly indicate the value of the phrase when they are fixed.</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#*NS(DP([the])); (the noun requires the DP "the", i.e., the whole DP is fixed and cannot be modified) </del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#:compare with</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#*NS(DH([the])); (the noun requires a DP headed by "the", i.e., the DP structure is variable, provided that it is headed by "the")</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#Strings must be represented between "quotes" while headwords must be represented between [brackets].</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#*VC(PH([of])); (the word "of" is supposed to be included in the dictionary and, therefore, must be represented as an [entry]</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">#*VC("to the lions"); (the expression "to the lions" is not supposed to be included in the dictionary and, therefore, must be represented as a "string"</del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Syntactic ambiguities ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Syntactic ambiguities ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Martinshttp://www.unlweb.net/wiki/index.php?title=Subcategorization_frames&diff=6942&oldid=prevMartins: /* Observations */2013-09-02T14:53:58Z<p><span class="autocomment">Observations</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Observations ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Observations ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#There must be as many syntactic roles as [[Subcategorization#Necessary_and_optional_arguments|necessary arguments] inside a subcategorization frame</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#There must be as many syntactic roles as [[Subcategorization#Necessary_and_optional_arguments|necessary arguments<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</ins>] inside a subcategorization frame</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#*VS(NP); (intransitive verbs)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#*VS(NP); (intransitive verbs)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#*VS(NP)VC(NP); (direct transitive verbs)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#*VS(NP)VC(NP); (direct transitive verbs)</div></td></tr>
</table>Martinshttp://www.unlweb.net/wiki/index.php?title=Subcategorization_frames&diff=6941&oldid=prevMartins: /* Observations */2013-09-02T14:53:45Z<p><span class="autocomment">Observations</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Observations ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Observations ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#There must be as many syntactic roles as [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'''necessary''' arguments|</del>Subcategorization#Necessary_and_optional_arguments<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]</del>] inside a subcategorization frame</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#There must be as many syntactic roles as [[Subcategorization#Necessary_and_optional_arguments<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|necessary arguments</ins>] inside a subcategorization frame</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#*VS(NP); (intransitive verbs)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#*VS(NP); (intransitive verbs)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#*VS(NP)VC(NP); (direct transitive verbs)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#*VS(NP)VC(NP); (direct transitive verbs)</div></td></tr>
</table>Martinshttp://www.unlweb.net/wiki/index.php?title=Subcategorization_frames&diff=6940&oldid=prevMartins: /* Observations */2013-09-02T14:53:11Z<p><span class="autocomment">Observations</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Observations ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Observations ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#There must be as many syntactic roles as '''necessary''' arguments inside a subcategorization frame</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#There must be as many syntactic roles as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>'''necessary''' arguments<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|Subcategorization#Necessary_and_optional_arguments]] </ins>inside a subcategorization frame</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#*VS(NP); (intransitive verbs)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#*VS(NP); (intransitive verbs)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#*VS(NP)VC(NP); (direct transitive verbs)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#*VS(NP)VC(NP); (direct transitive verbs)</div></td></tr>
</table>Martinshttp://www.unlweb.net/wiki/index.php?title=Subcategorization_frames&diff=6938&oldid=prevMartins: /* Syntactic ambiguities */2013-09-02T14:20:10Z<p><span class="autocomment">Syntactic ambiguities</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>4. To cause (oneself) to be eminent or recognized. <br /></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>4. To cause (oneself) to be eminent or recognized. <br /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>5. To perceive or indicate differences. <br /></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>5. To perceive or indicate differences. <br /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Some of these senses (namely 1,2,5) are somewhat inter-related, as they are associated to the core idea of "perceiving" and should be considered inside the same frame. The senses 3 and 4 are considerably different from the others (although related one to the other) and, therefore, must be described in different <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">frames</del>, as indicated below.</ref></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Some of these senses (namely 1,2,5) are somewhat inter-related, as they are associated to the core idea of "perceiving" and should be considered inside the same frame. The senses 3 and 4 are considerably different from the others (although related one to the other) and, therefore, must be described in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </ins>different <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">frame</ins>, as indicated below.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:**Direct transitive: ''They have distinguished the mast of ships on the horizon.'' (VS(NP)VC(NP);)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:**Direct transitive: ''They have distinguished the mast of ships on the horizon.'' (VS(NP)VC(NP);)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:**Indirect transitive: ''They have distinguished between right and wrong.'' (VS(NP)VC(PH([between]));)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:**Indirect transitive: ''They have distinguished between right and wrong.'' (VS(NP)VC(PH([between]));)</div></td></tr>
</table>Martinshttp://www.unlweb.net/wiki/index.php?title=Subcategorization_frames&diff=6937&oldid=prevMartins: /* Syntactic ambiguities */2013-09-02T14:19:12Z<p><span class="autocomment">Syntactic ambiguities</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#Different number and type of arguments</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#Different number and type of arguments</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:The frame must represent '''all possible most complete''' structures:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:The frame must represent '''all possible most complete''' structures:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:*To distinguish</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:*To distinguish<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref>The verb "to distinguish" is said to have several different senses:<br /></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1. To perceive as being different or distinct.<br /></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2. To perceive distinctly; discern. <br /></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3. To make noticeable or different; set apart. <br /></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4. To cause (oneself) to be eminent or recognized. <br /></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5. To perceive or indicate differences. <br /></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Some of these senses (namely 1,2,5) are somewhat inter-related, as they are associated to the core idea of "perceiving" and should be considered inside the same frame. The senses 3 and 4 are considerably different from the others (although related one to the other) and, therefore, must be described in different frames, as indicated below.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:**Direct transitive: ''They have distinguished the mast of ships on the horizon.'' (VS(NP)VC(NP);)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:**Direct transitive: ''They have distinguished the mast of ships on the horizon.'' (VS(NP)VC(NP);)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:**Indirect transitive: ''They have distinguished between right and wrong.'' (VS(NP)VC(PH([between]));)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:**Indirect transitive: ''They have distinguished between right and wrong.'' (VS(NP)VC(PH([between]));)</div></td></tr>
</table>Martinshttp://www.unlweb.net/wiki/index.php?title=Subcategorization_frames&diff=6936&oldid=prevMartins: /* Syntactic ambiguities */2013-09-02T14:14:03Z<p><span class="autocomment">Syntactic ambiguities</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*''Everyone was surprised by the news.'' (monovalent: JC(PH([by]));)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*''Everyone was surprised by the news.'' (monovalent: JC(PH([by]));)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*''Everyone was surprised at the news.'' (monovalent: JC(PH([at]));)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*''Everyone was surprised at the news.'' (monovalent: JC(PH([at]));)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>If these ambiguities DO NOT CHANGE THE CORE MEANING of the word, as in the cases above, they must be described inside the same frame according to the following procedures:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>If these ambiguities DO NOT CHANGE THE CORE MEANING of the word <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(i.e., in case of polysemy)</ins>, as in the cases above, they must be described inside the same frame according to the following procedures:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#Different number of arguments</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#Different number of arguments</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:The frame must represent the '''most complete''' possible structure made of '''necessary''' arguments:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:The frame must represent the '''most complete''' possible structure made of '''necessary''' arguments:</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:**''Why are you so angry '''with''' me '''for''' not doing this?'' (divalent: JC(PH([with]))JC(PH([for]));)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:**''Why are you so angry '''with''' me '''for''' not doing this?'' (divalent: JC(PH([with]))JC(PH([for]));)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:*:Frame: JC(PH([with]))JC(PH({|[about]|[for]}));)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:*:Frame: JC(PH([with]))JC(PH({|[about]|[for]}));)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>If the ambiguities CHANGE THE CORE MEANING of the word (i.e., in case of truly homographs), as in the case below, the entry must be split into <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">two, each one with its corresponding frame</del>:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>If the ambiguities CHANGE THE CORE MEANING of the word (i.e., in case of truly homographs), as in the case below, the entry must be split into <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">different frames</ins>:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*To be</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>*To be</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>:*to exist: ''I think, therefore I am''. (monovalent: VS(NP); )</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>:*to exist: ''I think, therefore I am''. (monovalent: VS(NP); )</div></td></tr>
</table>Martinshttp://www.unlweb.net/wiki/index.php?title=Subcategorization_frames&diff=6935&oldid=prevMartins: /* Syntactic ambiguities */2013-09-02T14:13:03Z<p><span class="autocomment">Syntactic ambiguities</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:**''Why are you so angry '''with''' me '''for''' not doing this?'' (divalent: JC(PH([with]))JC(PH([for]));)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:**''Why are you so angry '''with''' me '''for''' not doing this?'' (divalent: JC(PH([with]))JC(PH([for]));)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:*:Frame: JC(PH([with]))JC(PH({|[about]|[for]}));)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:*:Frame: JC(PH([with]))JC(PH({|[about]|[for]}));)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">If the ambiguities CHANGE THE CORE MEANING of the word (i.e., in case of truly homographs), as in the case below, the entry must be split into two, each one with its corresponding frame:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*To be</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">:*to exist: ''I think, therefore I am''. (monovalent: VS(NP); )</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">:*to take place: "The test was yesterday." (divalent: VS(NP)VC({AP|PP});)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">:*to go: "I was in Italy". (divalent: VS(NP)VC({AP|PP});)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">:*copula: "He was good." (divalent: VS(NP)VC({NP|JP|PP|AP});)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">:*auxiliary: "He is going to Paris." (avalent: no frame)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Examples ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Examples ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Martinshttp://www.unlweb.net/wiki/index.php?title=Subcategorization_frames&diff=6934&oldid=prevMartins: /* Syntactic ambiguities */2013-09-02T14:02:11Z<p><span class="autocomment">Syntactic ambiguities</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#Different number and type of arguments</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#Different number and type of arguments</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:The frame must represent '''all possible most complete''' structures:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:The frame must represent '''all possible most complete''' structures:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:To distinguish</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*</ins>To distinguish</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:*Direct transitive: ''They have distinguished the mast of ships on the horizon.'' (VS(NP)VC(NP);)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*</ins>*Direct transitive: ''They have distinguished the mast of ships on the horizon.'' (VS(NP)VC(NP);)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:*Indirect transitive: ''They have distinguished between right and wrong.'' (VS(NP)VC(PH([between]));)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*</ins>*Indirect transitive: ''They have distinguished between right and wrong.'' (VS(NP)VC(PH([between]));)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:*Ditransitive: ''They have distinguished him from the other boys.'' (VS(NP)VC(NP)VC(PH([from]));</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*</ins>*Ditransitive: ''They have distinguished him from the other boys.'' (VS(NP)VC(NP)VC(PH([from]));</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:Frame: VS(NP){VC(NP)|VC(PH([between])|VC(NP)VC(PH([from])}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">:*</ins>:Frame: VS(NP){VC(NP)|VC(PH([between])|VC(NP)VC(PH([from])}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:Angry</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*</ins>Angry</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:*''Why are you so angry?'' (avalent, i.e., no frame)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*</ins>*''Why are you so angry?'' (avalent, i.e., no frame)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:*''Why are you so angry '''about''' it?'' (monovalent: JC(PH([about]));)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*</ins>*''Why are you so angry '''about''' it?'' (monovalent: JC(PH([about]));)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:*''Why are you so angry '''with''' Peter?'' (monovalent: JC(PH([with]));)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*</ins>*''Why are you so angry '''with''' Peter?'' (monovalent: JC(PH([with]));)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:*''Why are you so angry '''with''' me '''for''' not doing this?'' (divalent: JC(PH([with]))JC(PH([for]));)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*</ins>*''Why are you so angry '''with''' me '''for''' not doing this?'' (divalent: JC(PH([with]))JC(PH([for]));)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#:Frame: JC(PH([with]))JC(PH({|[about]|[for]}));)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>#<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">:*</ins>:Frame: JC(PH([with]))JC(PH({|[about]|[for]}));)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Examples ==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== Examples ==</div></td></tr>
</table>Martins