Subcategorization frame

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== Examples (from the English grammar) ==
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== Observations ==
  
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=== Adjectives ===
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*Syntactic case marking can be associated to the arguments of syntactic relations, if necessary:
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*BEAUTIFUL
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**VS(NP),VC(NP); (direct transitive verbs: the verb has a specifier (NP) and a complement (NP)
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**There is no need for a subcategorization frame.
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**VS(NP,NOM),VC(NP,ACC); (direct transitive verbs: the has as a specifier (NP) that receives the nominative (NOM) case and a complement (NP) that receives the accusative (ACC) case
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*LOYAL (TO)
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*Syntactic case marking should be avoided if default (i.e., if already expressed in the language settings)
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**JC(PP("to"));
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**If the specifier of the verb always receives a nominative case, this information should be stated in the language settings and not in individual subcategorization frames
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***The complement of the adjective (JC) is a prepositional phrase (PP) whose head is "to".
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**Subcategorization frame: VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase)
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*INTERESTED (IN)
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**Language settings: VS(NP):=VS(NP,NOM); (every NP specifier of the verb receives the nominative (NOM) case)
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**JC(PP("in"));
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*Agreement information can be associated to the arguments of syntactic relations, if necessary:
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***The complement of the adjective (JC) is a prepositional phrase (PP) whose head is "to".
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**VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase (NP));
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**VS(NP,ANUM,APER); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase (NP) that assigns number (ANUM) and person (APER) to its head);
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=== Adverbs ===
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*Agreement information should be avoided if default (i.e., if already expressed in the language settings)
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*HERE
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**If the specifier of the verb always assigns number and person to its head this information should be state in the language settings and not in individual subcategorization frames
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**There is no need for a subcategorization frame.
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**Subcategorization frame: VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase)
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*CONTRARILY (TO)
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**Language settings: VS(NP):=VS(NP,ANUM,APER); (every NP specifier of the verb assigns number and person to its head)
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**AC(PP("to"));
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***The complement of the adverb (AC) is a prepositional phrase (PP) whose head is "to".
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=== Nouns ===
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*TABLE
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**There is no need for a subcategorization frame.
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*CONSTRUCTION (OF)
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**NC(PP("of"));
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***The complement of the noun (NC) is a prepositional phrase (PP) whose head is "of"
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=== Prepositions ===
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*NEAR(TO)
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**PC(PP("to"));
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***The complement of the preposition (PC) is a prepositional phrase (PP) whose head is "to".
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*IN
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**PC(NP);
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***The complement of the preposition (PC) is a noun phrase (NP).
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=== Verbs ===
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*INTRANSITIVE ("sleep")
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**VS(NP,NOM,ANUM,APER);
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***The subject (specifier of the verb = VS) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (ANUM) and the person (APER) agreement to the head
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*COPULA ("be")
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**VS(NP,NOM,ANUM,APER),VC({NP,JP}, NOM);
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***The subject (specifier of the verb = VS) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (ANUM) and the person (APER) agreement to the head, and the complement of the verb (VC) is either a noun phrase (NP) or an adjective phrase (JP), that receives the nominative case (NOM) as well.
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*DIRECT TRANSITIVE ("kill")
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**VS(NP,NOM,ANUM,APER), VC(NP,ACC);
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***The subject (specifier of the verb = VS) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (ANUM) and the person (APER) agreement to the head, and the complement of the verb (VC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the accusative case (NOM).
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*INDIRECT TRANSITIVE ("depend")
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**VS(NP,NOM,ANUM,APER),VC(PP("on"),ACC);
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***The subject (specifier of the verb = VS) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (ANUM) and the person (APER) agreement to the head, and the complement of the verb (VC) is a prepositional phrase (PP) whose head is "on". The PP receives the accusative case (ACC).
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*DITRANSITIVE ("give")
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**VS(NP,NOM,ANUM,APER), VC(NP,ACC), VC(PP("to"),DAT);
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***The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (ANUM) and the person (APER) agreement to the head, and there are two complements: a noun phrase (NP), that receives the accusative case (ACC), and a prepositional phrase (PP), whose head is "to", and that receives the dative case (DAT).
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Revision as of 10:41, 18 September 2009

In the UNL framework, Subcategorization Frames are the number and types of syntactic arguments that co-occurs with the lemma in a sentence.

Contents

When to use subcategorization frames

Subcategorization frames are mandatory for words that take one or more syntactic argument, such as:

  • intransitive verbs ('sleep', 'rain')
  • direct transitive verbs ('kill', 'kiss')
  • indirect transitive verbs ('depend', 'rely')
  • ditransitive verbs ('give')
  • deverbals ('arrival', 'construction')
  • adjectives that require a complement ('loyal to', 'interested in')
  • adverbs that require a complement ('contrarily to')
  • prepositions ('in', 'after', 'near', 'instead')
  • conjunctions ('because', 'and', 'but')
  • proper nouns that require an article ('The United States of America")

Subcategorization frames are optional for words that take no syntactic argument, such as:

  • nouns ('table', 'computer')
  • adjectives ('beautiful', 'intelligent')
  • adverbs ('yesterday', 'here')
  • determiners ('the', 'this')
  • pronouns ('he', 'yours')

Syntax

Subcategorization frames should comply with the S-Rule formalism for writing syntactic rules in the UNL framework.

Templates

Category Valency Frame Example (English) Example (Frame)
Adjective 0 NO FRAME beaufitul
Adjective 1 JC(PP([X])); where X = preposition required by the adjective loyal to JC(PP([to]));
Adverb 0 NO FRAME now, here, very, well, normally
Adverb 1 AC(PP([X])); where X = preposition required by the adverb contrarily to AC(PP([to]));
Noun 0 NO FRAME table, computer
Noun 1 (complement) NC(PP([X])); where X = preposition required by the noun construction of NC(PP([of]));
Noun 1 (specifier) NS([X]); where X = determiner required by the noun United States of America NS([the]); where X = determiner required by the noun
Preposition 1 PC(XP); where XP is the complement of the preposition (NP, VP, etc). of PC(NP);
Verb 0 (impersonal) NO FRAME llove (es), chove (pt)
Verb 1 (intransitive) VS(NP); rain, sleep VS(NP);
Verb 2 (direct transitive) VS(NP),VC(NP); kill, kiss VS(NP),VC(NP);
Verb 2 (indirect transitive) VS(NP),VC(PP[X]); where X = preposition required by the verb depend on VS(NP),VC(PP[on]); where X = preposition required by the verb
Verb 2 (copula) VS(NP),VC(NP); be, become VS(NP),VC(NP);
Verb 3 (ditransitive) VS(NP),VC(NP),VC(PP[x]); where X = preposition required by the verb give VS(NP),VC(NP),VC(PP[to]);

Observations

  • Syntactic case marking can be associated to the arguments of syntactic relations, if necessary:
    • VS(NP),VC(NP); (direct transitive verbs: the verb has a specifier (NP) and a complement (NP)
    • VS(NP,NOM),VC(NP,ACC); (direct transitive verbs: the has as a specifier (NP) that receives the nominative (NOM) case and a complement (NP) that receives the accusative (ACC) case
  • Syntactic case marking should be avoided if default (i.e., if already expressed in the language settings)
    • If the specifier of the verb always receives a nominative case, this information should be stated in the language settings and not in individual subcategorization frames
    • Subcategorization frame: VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase)
    • Language settings: VS(NP):=VS(NP,NOM); (every NP specifier of the verb receives the nominative (NOM) case)
  • Agreement information can be associated to the arguments of syntactic relations, if necessary:
    • VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase (NP));
    • VS(NP,ANUM,APER); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase (NP) that assigns number (ANUM) and person (APER) to its head);
  • Agreement information should be avoided if default (i.e., if already expressed in the language settings)
    • If the specifier of the verb always assigns number and person to its head this information should be state in the language settings and not in individual subcategorization frames
    • Subcategorization frame: VS(NP); (the specifier of the verb is a noun phrase)
    • Language settings: VS(NP):=VS(NP,ANUM,APER); (every NP specifier of the verb assigns number and person to its head)
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