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− | In the UNL framework, '''Subcategorization Frames''' are the number and types of syntactic arguments that co-occurs with the lemma in a sentence.
| + | #REDIRECT [[Subcategorization frames]] |
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− | == When to use subcategorization frames ==
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− | Subcategorization frames are mandatory for words that take one or more syntactic argument, such as:
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− | * intransitive verbs ('sleep', 'rain')
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− | * direct transitive verbs ('kill', 'kiss')
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− | * indirect transitive verbs ('depend', 'rely')
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− | * ditransitive verbs ('give')
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− | * deverbals ('arrival', 'construction')
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− | * adjectives that require a complement ('loyal', 'interested')
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− | * adverbs that require a complement ('contrarily to')
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− | * prepositions ('in', 'after', 'near', 'instead')
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− | * conjunctions ('because', 'and', 'but')
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− | Subcategorization frames are optional for words that take no syntactic argument, such as:
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− | * nouns ('table', 'computer')
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− | * adjectives ('beautiful', 'intelligent')
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− | * adverbs ('yesterday', 'here')
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− | * determiners ('the', 'this')
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− | * pronouns ('he', 'yours')
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− | == Syntax of subcategorization frames ==
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− | Subcategorization frames should be presented as a list of syntactic roles separated by semicolons. Each syntactic role must have the following format:
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− |
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− | <SYNTACTIC ROLE> ":=" "(" <SYNTACTIC FEATURES> ")" ";"
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− | where
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− | :<SYNTACTIC ROLE> = one of the three pre-defined syntactic roles (see below)
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− | :<SYNTACTIC FEATURES> = the list of features required by the lemma
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− | :“ “ = constant
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− | == Syntactic Roles ==
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− | There are only three different types of syntactic roles:
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− | {| border="1" align="center" cellpadding="5"
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− | !Tag
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− | !Syntactic Role
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− | !Description
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− | |-
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− | |SPEC
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− | |specifier (external argument)
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− | |subject
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− | |-
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− | |COMP
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− | |complement (internal argument)
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− | |direct object, indirect object
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− | |-
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− | |ADJT
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− | |adjunct
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− | |adverbial and nominal adjuncts
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− | |-
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− | |}
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− | == Syntactic Features ==
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− | The syntactic features must be presented in the following format:
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− | <SYNTACTIC CATEGORY> ["," <SYNTACTIC CASE MARKING>] ["," <SYNTACTIC AGREEMENT> ]* ["," <SYNTACTIC GOVERNMENT> ]
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− | Where
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− | [ ] indicates optional;
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− | " " indicates constant;
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− | <nowiki>*</nowiki> indicates that can be repeated 0 or more times
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− | <SYNTACTIC CATEGORY> indicates the syntactic category of the arguments (c-selection). It is mandatory and can assume of the following values:
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− | ** NP = Noun phrase
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− | ** VP = Verbal phrase
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− | ** JP = Adjective phrase
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− | ** AP = Adverbial phrase
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− | ** PP = Prepositional phrase
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− | ** SP = Sentence
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− | <SYNTACTIC CASE MARKING> indicates the syntactic case marking. It is mandatory for arguments and optional to adjuncts. It can assume the following values:
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− | ** NOM = Nominative
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− | ** ACC = Accusative
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− | ** DAT = Dative
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− | ** ABL = Ablative
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− | ** INS = Instrumental
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− | ** LOC = Locative
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− | <SYNTACTIC AGREEMENT> indicates the agreement. It is mandatory if there is any agreement between the word and its arguments.
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− | ** >NUM = Assigns number
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− | ** <NUM = Receives number
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− | ** >GEN = Assigns gender
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− | ** <GEN = Receives gender
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− | ** >PER = Assigns person
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− | ** <PER = Receives person
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− | <GOVERNMENT> indicates the adposition (preposition or postposition) required by the word, if any. It should be indicated in relation to the argument.
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− | ** < = left appending (without blank space)
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− | ** << = left appending (with blank space)
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− | ** > = right appending (withou blank space)
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− | ** >> = right appending (with blank space)
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− | == Other symbols ==
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− | [Square brackets] may be used to indicate optional elements: a[b]c = ac, abc
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− | {braces} may be used to indicate alternative elements: a{b,c}d = abd, acd
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− | == Examples ==
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− | === Adjectives ===
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− | *BEAUTIFUL
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− | **There is no need for a semantic frame.
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− | *LOYAL (TO)
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− | **COMP:=(PP,"to"<<0);
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− | ***The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "to".
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− | *INTERESTED (IN)
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− | **COMP:=(PP,"in"<<0);
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− | ***The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "in".
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− | === Adverbs ===
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− | *HERE
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− | **There is no need for a semantic frame.
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− | *CONTRARILY (TO)
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− | **COMP:=(PP,"to"<<0);
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− | ***The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "to".
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− | === Nouns ===
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− | *TABLE
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− | **There is no need for a semantic frame.
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− | *CONSTRUCTION (OF)
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− | **COMP:=(PP,"of"<<0);
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− | ***The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "of".
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− | === Prepositions ===
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− | *NEAR(TO)
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− | **COMP:=(PP,"to"<<0);
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− | ***The complement is a prepositional phrase (PP) that is preceded by "to".
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− | *IN
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− | **COMP:=(NP);
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− | ***The complement is a noun phrase (NP).
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− | === Verbs ===
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− | *INTRANSITIVE ("sleep")
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− | **SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER);
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− | ***The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head
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− | *COPULA ("be")
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− | **SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER); COMP:=({NP,JP}, NOM);
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− | ***The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head, and the complement is either a noun phrase (NP) or an adjective phrase (JP), that receives the nominative case (NOM) as well.
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− | *DIRECT TRANSITIVE ("kill")
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− | **SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER); COMP:=(NP,ACC);
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− | ***The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head, and the complement is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the accusative case (NOM).
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− | *INDIRECT TRANSITIVE ("depend")
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− | **SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER); COMP:=(PP,ACC,"on"<<0);
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− | ***The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head, and the complement is a prepositional phrase, that receives the accusative case (ACC) and that is preceded by "on".
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− | *DITRANSITIVE ("give")
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− | **SPEC:=(NP,NOM,>NUM,>PER); COMP:=(NP,ACC); COMP:=(PP,DAT,"to"<<0);
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− | ***The subject (SPEC) is a noun phrase (NP) that receives the nominative case (NOM) and that assigns the number (>NUM) and the person (>PER) agreement to the head, and there are two complements: a noun phrase (NP), that receives the accusative case (ACC), and a prepositional phrase, that receives the dative case (DAT) and is preceded by "to".
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