Aspect

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(Natural language)
(Natural language)
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== Natural language ==  
 
== Natural language ==  
In the UNLarium, the attribute aspect may assume the following values:
+
In the UNLarium, aspect may assume the following values:
  
 
{{#tree:id=nl_tense|openlevels=0|root=Aspect (ASP)|
 
{{#tree:id=nl_tense|openlevels=0|root=Aspect (ASP)|
 
*perfective (PFV): completed
 
*perfective (PFV): completed
*imperfective (NPFC): uncompleted
+
*imperfective (NPFV): uncompleted
 
**continuative (CTN): continuous
 
**continuative (CTN): continuous
 
***progressive (PGS): ongoing
 
***progressive (PGS): ongoing
*perfect (PFC): temporal relevance
+
**habitual (HAB): habitual
**experiential perfect aspect (EXP): occurrence
+
**iterative (ITE): repetition
**perfect of persistent situation (PSS): continuation until the present
+
*perfect (PFC): relevant to the present
**perfect of recent past (PRP): proximity to the present
+
**experiential perfect aspect (EXP): relevant because of the experience
**perfect of result (RES): present result
+
**perfect of persistent situation (PSS): relevant because of the persistence
 +
**perfect of recent past (PRP): relevant because of the proximity
 +
**perfect of result (RES): relevant because of the result
 
*prospective (PPT): imminent
 
*prospective (PPT): imminent
 
*inceptive (ICP): beginning
 
*inceptive (ICP): beginning
 
*terminative (TER): cessation
 
*terminative (TER): cessation
*habitual (HAB): habitual
 
*iterative (ITE): repetition
 
 
}}
 
}}
  
;Aspect is represented only when grammaticalized:
 
:It sparkled = perfective (and not iterative)
 
  
 
;Perfect and perfective are different aspectual values:
 
;Perfect and perfective are different aspectual values:
 
:perfective = seen as completed  (He ate the apple)
 
:perfective = seen as completed  (He ate the apple)
:perfect = seen as relevant (He has never eaten an apple)
+
:perfect = seen as relevant to the present (He has eaten the apple)
  
 
;Aspect values may be combined through "&":
 
;Aspect values may be combined through "&":
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=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
  
List of verb forms:
+
*perfective (PFV): He ate an apple
*[[English grammar#Verb forms|English verb forms]]
+
*progressive (PGS): He is eating an apple
*[[French grammar#Verb forms|French verb forms]]
+
*habitual (HAB): He eats apples.
 +
*iterative (ITE): He has been eating apples for years
 +
*experiential perfect aspect (EXP): He has never eaten an apple
 +
*perfect of persistent situation (PSS): He has been eating that apple since yesterday
 +
*perfect of recent past (PRP): He has just eaten the apple
 +
*perfect of result (RES): He has eaten the apple
 +
*prospective (PPT): He is about to eat the applet
 +
*inceptive (ICP): He starts to eat the apple
 +
*terminative (TER): He finishes to eat the apple
  
 
== UNL ==
 
== UNL ==

Revision as of 11:45, 16 January 2010

Aspect is a category used to indicate the temporal internal structure of an event.

Contents

Natural language

In the UNLarium, aspect may assume the following values:


Perfect and perfective are different aspectual values
perfective = seen as completed (He ate the apple)
perfect = seen as relevant to the present (He has eaten the apple)
Aspect values may be combined through "&"
I am eating = progressive (PGS)
I have eaten = perfect of persistent situation (PSS)
I have been eating = PGS&PSS

Examples

  • perfective (PFV): He ate an apple
  • progressive (PGS): He is eating an apple
  • habitual (HAB): He eats apples.
  • iterative (ITE): He has been eating apples for years
  • experiential perfect aspect (EXP): He has never eaten an apple
  • perfect of persistent situation (PSS): He has been eating that apple since yesterday
  • perfect of recent past (PRP): He has just eaten the apple
  • perfect of result (RES): He has eaten the apple
  • prospective (PPT): He is about to eat the applet
  • inceptive (ICP): He starts to eat the apple
  • terminative (TER): He finishes to eat the apple

UNL

In UNL, aspect is to be represented by attributes indicating the temporal internal structure of the event.


Aspect values may be combined.
I start to eat = eat.@inceptive
I'm starting to eat = eat.@inceptive.@progressive

Examples

  • @continuative: I'm still eating the apple.
  • @experiential: I have already eaten an apple
  • @habitual: I eat apples.
  • @imperfective: I was eating the apple (when she came).
  • @inceptive: I start eating the apple.
  • @iterative: I ate and ate the apple.
  • @perfective: I ate the apple.
  • @progressive: I'm eating the apple.
  • @prospective: I'm about to eat the apple.
  • @terminative: I finished eating the apple.

List of verb forms:

Software