http://www.unlweb.net/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=CMcfall34&feedformat=atomUNL Wiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T01:06:41ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.18.1http://www.unlweb.net/wiki/ValencyValency2011-11-05T12:29:12Z<p>CMcfall34: Removed spammy hyperlinks...</p>
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<div>'''Valency''' is a category that indicates the number of syntactic arguments required by any predicate. <br />
<br />
== Natural language ==<br />
In the UNLarium framework, valency may assume the following values:<br />
<br />
{{#tree:id=nl_valency|openlevels=0|root=Valency|<br />
*avalent (VAL0): no argument<br />
*monovalent (VAL1): one argument<br />
*divalent (VAL2): two arguments<br />
*trivalent (VAL3): three arguments<br />
*tetravalent (VAL4): four arguments<br />
}}<br />
<br />
;Verb valency and [[transitivity]]<br />
:Verb valency is related, though not identical, to verb transitivity. Valency includes all arguments (including the subject) whereas transitivity includes only objects.<br />
::rain = intransitive and monovalent (VAL1)<br />
::llover (es = rain) = intransitive and avalent (VAL0)<br />
::run = unergative (intransitive) and monovalent (VAL1)<br />
<br />
;Non-verbal valency<br />
:Nouns, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions also have valency, which is related to the number of (internal) arguments they require. <br />
::beauty (noun) = avalent (VAL0)<br />
::beautiful (adjective) = avalent (VAL0)<br />
::beautifully (adverb) = avalent (VAL0)<br />
::arrival = monovalent (VAL1) (arrival of someone)<br />
::loyal = monovalent (VAL1) (loyal to someone or to something)<br />
::differently = monovalent (VAL1) (differently from something)<br />
::in = monovalent (VAL1) (in someplace)<br />
<br />
;Elliptical objects<br />
:In the UNLarium framework, objects are to be considered <span class="plainlinks">[http://bit.ly/np59PZ <span style="color:black;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none!important;background:none!important; text-decoration:none;">stretch marks</span>]</span> elliptical (hidden) in verbal constructions if they can be inferred from the context.<br />
:I read the book = I read all the afternoon = divalent (VAL2) (no significant semantic change)<br />
:John kissed Mary = John kisses well = divalent (VAL2) (no significant semantic change) <br />
:John bought a car = John buys (and Peter sells) = divalent (VAL2) (no significant semantic change) <br />
<br />
;Different valency values mean different senses<br />
:In the UNLarium framework, the same verb may have different valency values, but only when associated to different UWs:<br />
:John lives in Paris = monovalent (VAL1) (live = reside) <br />
:John lives a nightmare = divalent (VAL2) (live = experience) <br />
<br />
;Objects (essential) are not to be confounded with adjuncts (accidental)<br />
:John bought a car to Mary = divalent (VAL2) and not trivalent (VAL3) <br />
<br />
=== Example ===<br />
*avalent: house, sad, now<br />
*avalent: llover (es), chover (pt) (= rain) (null subject verbs in non-pro-drop languages)<br />
*monovalent: construction, interested, contrarily, run, fall, sleep;<br />
*divalent: buy, sell, go<br />
*trivalent: give<br />
<br />
== UNL ==<br />
In UNL, valency, as a syntactic category, is not to be represented.</div>CMcfall34