English Inflectional Grammar

Version of March 29, 2024, 5:14 pm
Documentation available at http://www.unlweb.net/wiki/index.php/Grammar
Tagset available at Export UNDL Foundation tagset.

M0
Invariant

M1
Irregular: rules are defined inside the entry in the dictionary

M2
Add "s" to form the plural (table>tables; boy>boys; computer>computers;)
SNG:=0>"";
PLR:=0>"s";

M3
Replace "y" by "ies" to form the plural (baby>babies;)
SNG:=0>"";
PLR:="y">"ies";

M4
Add "es" to form the plural (church>churches; box>boxes;)
SNG:=0>"";
PLR:=0>"es";

M5
Replace "f" by "ves" to form the plural (thief>thieves; wolf>wolves;)
SNG:=0>"";
PLR:="f">"ves";

M6
Replace "fe" by "ves" to form the plural (life>lives; wife>wives;)
SNG:=0>"";
PLR:="fe">"ves";

M7
Replace "man" by "men" to form the plural (man>men; woman>women; airman>airmen;)
SNG:=0>"";
PLR:="man":"men";

M8
Replace "ouse" by "ice" to form the plural (mouse>mice; louse>lice;)
SNG:=0>"";
PLR:="ouse">"ice";

M9
Replace "person" by "people" to form the plural (person>people; religious person>religious people;)
SNG:=0>"";
PLR:="person":"people";

M10
Replace "tooth" by "teeth" to form the plural (tooth>teeth; front tooth>front teeth;)
SNG:=0>"";
PLR:="tooth":"teeth";

M11
Replace "is" by "es" to form the plural (axis>axes; analysis>analyses;)
SNG:=0>"";
PLR:="is">"es";

M12
Replace the two last characters by "ices" to form the plural (appendix>appendices; cortex>cortices;)
SNG:=0>"";
PLR:=2>"ices";

M13
Replace the two last characters by "a" to form the plural (bacterium>bacteria; phenomenon>phenomena;)
SNG:=0>"";
PLR:=2>"a";

M14
Replace "us" by "i" to form the plural (cactus>cacti;)
SNG:=0>"";
PLR:="us">"i";

M15
Add "'s" to form the plural (A>A's;)
PLR:=0>"'s";

M16
Regular verbs (kill > killed, killed, killing, kills)
INF:=0>"";
PAS:=0>"ed";
PTP:=0>"ed";
3PS&PRS:=0>"s";
GER:=0>"ing";
;

M17
Regular verbs ending in -e (vote > voted, voted, voting, votes)
INF:=0>"";
PAS:=0>"d";
PTP:=0>"d";
3PS&PRS:=0>"s";
GER:=1>"ing";
;

M18
Regular verbs ending in -y (unify > unified, unified, unifying, unifies)
INF:=0>"";
PAS:="y">"ied";
PTP:="y">"ied";
GER:=0>"ing";
3PS&PRS:="y">"ies";
;

M19
Regular verbs ending in -s, -ch, -sh (dress > dressed, dressed, dressing, dresses)
INF:=0>"";
PAS:=0>"ed";
PTP:=0>"ed";
3PS&PRS:=0>"es";
GER:=0>"ing";
;

M20
Regular verbs ending in -c (mimic > mimicked, mimicked, mimicking, mimics)
INF:=0>"";
PAS:=0>"ked";
PTP:=0>"ked";
3PS&PRS:=0>"";
GER:=0>"king";
;

M21
Irregular verbs that do not vary in the past and past participle. Gerund is made by adding "ing". (read > read, read, reading, reads)
INF:=0>"";
PAS:=0>"";
PTP:=0>"";
GER:=0>"ing";
3PS&PRS:=0>"s";
;

M22
Verbs that are irregular in the past and in the past participle. The irregular behaviour is described in the inflectional rules. (buy > buying, buys)
INF:=0>"";
GER:=0>"ing";
3PS&PRS:=0>"s";
;

M256
Verb to be (be, am, are, was, were, been)
INF:=0>"";
1PS&PRS:="am";
2PS&PRS:="are";
3PS&PRS:="is";
1PP&PRS:="are";
2PP&PRS:="are";
3PP&PRS:="are";
1PS&PAS:="was";
2PS&PAS:="were";
3PS&PAS:="was";
1PP&PAS:="were";
2PP&PAS:="were";
3PP&PAS:="were";
PTP:="been";
;

M257
Verb to have (have, has, had, having)
INF:=0>"";
PAS:="had";
PTP:="had";
GER:=1>"ing";
3PS&PRS:="has";
;

M258
Plural in -s (third>thirds, quarter>quarters)
SNG:=0>"";
PLR:=0>"s";
;

M260
Plural in -ies (century > centuries)
SNG:=0>"";
PLR:="y">"ies";
;

M262
Auxiliary verb "to be" (be)
INF:=0>"";
1PS&PRS:="am";
2PS&PRS:="are";
3PS&PRS:="is";
1PP&PRS:="are";
2PP&PRS:="are";
3PP&PRS:="are";
1PS&PAS:="was";
2PS&PAS:="were";
3PS&PAS:="was";
1PP&PAS:="were";
2PP&PAS:="were";
3PP&PAS:="were";
PTP:="been";
;

M263
Verb to do (do, did, done, doing, does)
INF:=0>"";
PAS:="did";
PTP:="done";
GER:=0>"ing";
3PS&PRS:="does";
;

M264
Verb to do (do, did, done, doing, does)
INF:=0>"";
PAS:="did";
PTP:="done";
GER:=0>"ing";
3PS&PRS:="does";
;